Remote Incisions as an Alternative to Mastectomy Scars for Breast Tissue Expander-to-Implant Exchange: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Background: Two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction involves the exchange of tissue expanders for implants, but complications of this procedure can necessitate revision surgeries and implant removal. The choice between remote incision (RI) and traditional access via existing mastectomy scars (MS) for this exchange remains underexplored. RIs offer potential benefits by placing the incision at a region of higher quality tissue, prompting our comparative analysis of complications between RI and MS.

Surface superconductivity in the topological Weyl semimetal t-PtBi.

Topological superconductivity is a promising concept for generating fault-tolerant qubits. Early experimental studies looked at hybrid systems and doped intrinsic topological or superconducting materials at very low temperatures. However, higher critical temperatures are indispensable for technological exploitation.

Contemporary role of the plastic and reconstructive surgeon in the outcome of female peripelvic defects after oncologic extirpation.

Background: Reconstruction of female oncologic peripelvic defects is challenging due to complex anatomy, neoadjuvant chemoradiation, operative resection margins, and wound healing risks. Functional restoration requires thoughtful management focused on defect reconstruction and patient-reported outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of peripelvic reconstruction in female patients at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2016 to 2023.

Repeatable Perovskite Solar Cells through Fully Automated Spin-Coating and Quenching.

Enhancing reproducibility, repeatability, as well as facilitating transferability between laboratories will accelerate the progress in many material domains, wherein perovskite-based optoelectronics are a prime use case. This study presents fully automated perovskite thin film processing using a commercial spin-coating robot in an inert atmosphere. We successfully apply this novel processing method to antisolvent quenching.

Reconstructive breast implant-related infections: Prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and pearls of wisdom.

Implant-based reconstructions are increasingly utilized following mastectomy in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. However, these implants are associated with a high rate of infection, which is a major complication that can lead to implant removal, delay in adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy, and increase in health care costs. Early clinical signs and symptoms of infection, such as erythema, warmth, and tenderness, are challenging to discern from expected postsurgical responses.

Post-meiotic mechanism of facultative parthenogenesis in gonochoristic whiptail lizard species.

Facultative parthenogenesis (FP) has historically been regarded as rare in vertebrates, but in recent years incidences have been reported in a growing list of fish, reptile, and bird species. Despite the increasing interest in the phenomenon, the underlying mechanism and evolutionary implications have remained unclear. A common finding across many incidences of FP is either a high degree of homozygosity at microsatellite loci or low levels of heterozygosity detected in next-generation sequencing data.

IL-1R Mediated Activation of Renal Sensory Nerves in DOCA-Salt Hypertension.

Background: Clinical trials of renal denervation for the treatment of hypertension have shown a variety of off-target improvements in conditions associated with sympathetic overactivity. This may be due to the ablation of sympathoexcitatory afferent renal nerves, which are overactive under conditions of renal inflammation. Renal IL (interleukin)-1β is elevated in the deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt model of hypertension, and its activity may be responsible for the elevation in afferent renal nerve activity and arterial pressure.

Intraparenchymal near-infrared spectroscopy for detection of delayed cerebral ischemia in poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objective: Detection of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is challenging in comatose patients with poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Brain tissue oxygen pressure (PbtO2) monitoring may allow early detection of its occurrence. Recently, a probe for combined measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) and intraparenchymal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become available.

Surgical Outcomes of Vertical Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap Pelvic Reconstruction.

Background: The vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap has emerged as the workhorse flap for perineal and pelvic reconstruction. The authors aimed to evaluate outcomes of the VRAM flap over a 20-year period and the role of mesh abdominal wall reinforcement following VRAM flap-based reconstruction.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective review of all consecutive patients who underwent pelvic reconstruction with a VRAM flap between January of 2001 and March of 2021.

Mental health challenges and digital platform opportunities in patients and families affected by pediatric neuromuscular diseases - experiences from Switzerland.

Receiving the diagnosis of a severe disease may present a traumatic event for patients and their families. To cope with the related challenges, digital interventions can be combined with traditional psychological support to help meet respective needs. We aimed to 1) discuss the most common consequences and challenges for resilience in Neuro Muscular Disease patients and family members and 2) elicit practical needs, concerns, and opportunities for digital platform use.

Targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) with BAY 2416964: a selective small molecule inhibitor for cancer immunotherapy.

Background: The metabolism of tryptophan to kynurenines (KYN) by indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase or tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase is a key pathway of constitutive and adaptive tumor immune resistance. The immunosuppressive effects of KYN in the tumor microenvironment are predominantly mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a cytosolic transcription factor that broadly suppresses immune cell function. Inhibition of AhR thus offers an antitumor therapy opportunity via restoration of immune system functions.

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Incisional Hernia After Hepatectomy for Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Background: Incisional hernia (IH) is common after major abdominal surgery; however, the incidence after hepatectomy for cancer has not been described. We analyzed incidence of and risk factors for IH after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (CLM).

Methods: Patients who underwent open hepatectomy with midline or reverse-L incision for CLM at a single institution between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.

Renal denervation: recent developments in clinical and preclinical research.

Purpose Of Review: Renal denervation represents a new dimension to hypertension treatment, with multiple device manufacturers seeking premarket FDA approval currently. Interest in the efficacy and safety of the treatment has spurred compelling mechanistic studies into the function of renal nerves and downstream impacts of denervation.

Recent Findings: A trial of the ultrasound Paradise Catheter system (RADIANCE II) found a 6.

Evaluation of machine learning algorithms for noninvasive intracranial pressure estimation using near infrared spectroscopy as a covariate.

Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP) is a vital parameter that is continuously monitored in patients with severe brain injury and imminent intracranial hypertension.

Objective: To estimate intracranial pressure without intracranial probes based on transcutaneous near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

Methods: We developed machine learning based approaches for noninvasive intracranial pressure (ICP) estimation using signals from transcutaneous near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as well as other cardiovascular and artificial ventilation parameters.

Increasing Patient Safety and Treatment Quality by Using Intraoperative MRI for Organ-Preserving Tumor Resection and High-Dose Rate Brachytherapy in Children with Bladder/Prostate and Perianal Rhabdomyosarcoma.

In children with bladder/prostate (BP) and perianal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), we use a hybrid treatment concept for those suitable, combining organ-preserving tumor resection and high-dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT). This treatment concept has been shown to improve outcomes. However, it is associated with specific challenges for the clinicians.

Amorphous nickel hydroxide shell tailors local chemical environment on platinum surface for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

In analogy to natural enzymes, an elaborated design of catalytic systems with a specifically tailored local chemical environment could substantially improve reaction kinetics, effectively combat catalyst poisoning effect and boost catalyst lifetime under unfavourable reaction conditions. Here we report a unique design of 'Ni(OH)-clothed Pt-tetrapods' with an amorphous Ni(OH) shell as a water dissociation catalyst and a proton conductive encapsulation layer to isolate the Pt core from bulk alkaline electrolyte while ensuring efficient proton supply to the active Pt sites. This design creates a favourable local chemical environment to result in acidic-like hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics with a lowest Tafel slope of 27 mV per decade and a record-high specific activity and mass activity in alkaline electrolyte.

Component Separation Decreases Hernia Recurrence Rates in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction with Biologic Mesh.

Background: It is not clear whether mesh-reinforced anterior component separation (CS) for abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) results in better outcomes than mesh-reinforced primary fascial closure (PFC) without CS, particularly when acellular dermal matrix is used. The authors compared outcomes of CS versus PFC repair in AWR procedures aiming to determine whether CS results in better outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective study of prospectively collected data included 461 patients who underwent AWR with acellular dermal matrix during a 10-year period at an academic cancer center.

Test-re-test reliability and dynamics of the Fukuda-Unterberger stepping test.

Background: The Fukuda-stepping-test (FST), i.e., repetitive walking on the spot while blindfolded, has been proposed as a means to assess the integrity of the vestibular pathways.

Is consolidative thoracic radiotherapy of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer still beneficial in the era of immunotherapy? A retrospective analysis.

Purpose: Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) carries a dismal prognosis. The benefit of consolidative thoracic radiotherapy (TR) after first-line chemoimmunotherapy with PD-L1 inhibitors in this setting remains unclear. As TR can improve overall survival (OS) after conventional chemotherapy, we retrospectively analyzed OS of an inhouse cohort treated either with TR or with chemoimmunotherapy alone.

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Access to Education and Social Participation in Children and Adolescents with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Switzerland.

Two-thirds of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have cognitive and neuropsychiatric problems. Concerning their quality of life, negative factors are the lack of qualifying education and social participation in sporting and leisure activities. Adapted assistance in education and participation in social life are thus important.

Modular Principle for Complex Disordered Tetrahedral Frameworks in Quenched High-Pressure Phases of Phosphorus Oxide Nitrides.

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Oliver Oeckler at Leipzig University and Wolfgang Schnick at University of Munich (LMU). The image background depicts a diffraction pattern of an intergrown crystal containing P O N as a night sky. P O N and P O N form complex disordered frameworks, a cutout of which symbolizes the earth's surface (which mainly contains silicates with related building blocks).

Polymorphism and polymorph-dependent luminescence properties of the first lithium oxonitridolithosilicate LiSiNO:Eu.

Building on studies of monoclinic LiSiNO, a polymorph, β-LiSiNO, with a previously unknown structure type was synthesized. The β-phase crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group (no. 61) with lattice parameters of = 18.

Modular Principle for Complex Disordered Tetrahedral Frameworks in Quenched High-Pressure Phases of Phosphorus Oxide Nitrides.

The crystal structures of the new phosphorus oxide nitrides P O N and P O N , which were synthesized from amorphous phosphorus oxide nitride imide, exhibit complex frameworks built up from P(O,N) tetrahedra. The latter form various chain-like building units with various degrees of branching. These modular units can be combined and arranged in different ways, which leads to closely related structures and several disordered configurations in each compound.