Emergence of antibiotic-specific phenotypes during prolonged treatment of mice.

A major challenge in tuberculosis (TB) therapeutics is that antibiotic exposure leads to changes in the physiology of (), which may enable the pathogen to withstand treatment. While antibiotic-treated has been evaluated in experiments it is unclear if and how long-term treatment with diverse antibiotics with varying treatment-shortening activity (sterilizing activity) affects physiologic processes differently. Here, we used SEARCH-TB, a pathogen-targeted RNA-sequencing platform, to characterize the transcriptome in the BALB/c high-dose aerosol infection mouse model following 4 weeks of treatment with three sterilizing and three non-sterilizing antibiotics.

Downscaling global reference points to assess the sustainability of local fisheries.

Multispecies coral reef fisheries are typically managed by local communities who often lack research and monitoring capacity, which prevents estimation of well-defined sustainable reference points to perform locally relevant fishery assessments. Recent research modeling coral reef fisheries globally has estimated multispecies sustainable reference points (i.e.

Anti-Mycobacterial Activity of Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Dioxygenated Linkers.

Developing new classes of drugs that are active against infections caused by is a priority for treating and managing this deadly disease. Here, we describe screening a small library of 20 DNA gyrase inhibitors and identifying new lead compounds. Three structurally diverse analogues were identified with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.

Gender differences in physical activity and sport participation in adults across 28 European countries between 2005 and 2022.

Objective: There is a lack of understanding of the specific types and intensities of physical activity driving the gender gap in overall levels of physical activity, and how these activities are changing over time. We examined the gender gap in specific types and intensities of physical activities in European adults from 2005 to 2022.

Study Design And Methods: This repeated cross-sectional study included data from adults from the Eurobarometer (2005-2022) from 28 European countries.

Increasing Reported Physical Activity Among Australian Adults: Progress Toward a Healthy Older Age.

Background/objectives: A globally aging population necessitates public health action that supports healthy aging. Although it is well established that participation in physical activity (PA), sport, and active recreation are important for healthy aging, PA levels remain generally lower among older adults. This study examines trends in physical activities that older adults engage in and identifies disparities in activities across subgroups as defined by age, gender, and socioeconomic status.

Does optimizing Choose to Move - a health-promoting program for older adults - enhance scalability, program implementation and effectiveness?

Background: Investment in scale-up and sustainment of effective health-promoting programs is often hampered by competing demands on scarce health dollars. Thus, optimizing programs to reduce resource use (e.g.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Thresholds for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: Morbidity Survival Tree Analysis.

Background: There are no diagnosis-specific guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) for coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to identify thresholds of MVPA and SB associated with cardiovascular events.

Methods: This cohort study included individuals with CHD.

Effects of a dog activity tracker on owners' walking: a community-based randomised controlled trial.

Objective: A promising strategy to increase population physical activity is through promotion of dog walking. Informed by multi-process action control and nascent dog-walking theory, we examined the effectiveness of a 3-month technology-based (dog tracker) 2-arm randomised controlled dog-walking intervention to increase dog-owner daily physical activity in the general community in Sydney, Australia.

Results: 37 participants were allocated to the intervention group (mean age = 43.

Direct Observations of Intergenerational Visits and Activities at Six Local Recreational Parks in Victoria, Australia.

Unlabelled: Local parks offer outdoor spaces for active play; they provide a common attractive space in which grandparents and grandchildren can interact and engage in physical activity. This study investigated how multigenerational active spaces within local parks were being used by older people, their grandchildren, and other age groups.

Method: This study was an observational design using direct observations of park visitors over three consecutive months and an intercept survey of a subsample of older visitors in six community parks in Victoria, Australia.

Understanding the Increases in Physical Activity Publications From 1985 to 2022: A Global Perspective.

Background: A marked increase in physical activity (PA) publications has occurred since 1985. Increased publications reflect a globalization of publications and increase the difficulty of reviewing evidence and identifying effective PA strategies.

Methods: Review of Scopus database publications with the title or keyword "physical activity" between 1985 and 2022, examining 193,335 PA publications.

The co-benefits of active travel interventions beyond physical activity: a systematic review.

Active travel is a widely recognised strategy for promoting active living but its co-benefits beyond increasing physical activity, such as broader health, environmental, and social benefits, have rarely been synthesised. We conducted a systematic review to examine the co-benefits of active travel interventions. Following a preregistered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42022359059), we identified 80 studies for the search period from Jan 1, 2000, to Sept 13, 2022.

Development, External Validation, and Biomolecular Corroboration of Interoperable Models for Identifying Critically Ill Children at Risk of Neurologic Morbidity.

Importance: Declining mortality in the field of pediatric critical care medicine has shifted practicing clinicians' attention to preserving patients' neurodevelopmental potential as a main objective. Earlier identification of critically ill children at risk for incurring neurologic morbidity would facilitate heightened surveillance that could lead to timelier clinical detection, earlier interventions, and preserved neurodevelopmental trajectory.

Objective: Develop machine-learning models for identifying acquired neurologic morbidity while hospitalized with critical illness and assess correlation with contemporary serum-based, brain injury-derived biomarkers.

Real-world public health interventions demonstrate how research evidence informs program scale-up.

Evidence-based population interventions rely on intervention testing (efficacy and effectiveness trials) to determine what works to improve public health. We investigated the characteristics of real-world public health interventions to address obesity and explored the extent to which research testing was undertaken prior to scale-up. We identified 90 population health interventions targeting physical activity, nutrition or obesity-related health behaviours and collected publicly available information on their key characteristics and outcomes.

Increasing participation in resistance training using outdoor gyms: A study protocol for the ecofit type III hybrid effectiveness implementation trial.

Background: In this paper we outline the protocol for an implementation-effectiveness trial of , a multi-component mHealth intervention aimed at increasing participation in resistance and aerobic physical activity using the outdoor built environment (i.e., outdoor gyms) and social support.

Health behaviour and wellbeing trends among Australian adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2017-2022): An interrupted time-series analysis.

Objective: To explore population-level trends in health behaviours and wellbeing indicators from before (2017-2019) to during (2020-2022) the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.

Methods: Using cross-sectional data from New South Wales Adult Population Health Surveys (2017-2022, n = 73,680 responses), we calculated weighted prevalence estimates and interrupted time-series logit models to investigate trends in health behavioural risk factors (vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, e-cigarette use), Body Mass Index (BMI) (overweight and obesity), and wellbeing indicators (psychological distress, self-rated health) among adults aged ≥ 16 years before and during the pandemic.

Results: From 2017 to 2022, the behavioural risk factors and BMI trends were mostly unchanged.

A Holistic Way to Understand the Determinants of Physical Activity in Urban New South Wales, Australia: A Codesigned Systems Mapping Project.

Background: To meet the World Health Organization goal of reducing physical inactivity by 15% by 2030, a multisectoral system approach is urgently needed to promote physical activity (PA). We report the process of and findings from a codesigned systems mapping project to present determinants of PA in the context of urban New South Wales, Australia.

Methods: A participatory conceptual mapping workshop was held in May 2023 with 19 participants working in education, transportation, urban planning, community, health, and sport and recreation.

Emergence of antibiotic-specific phenotypes during prolonged treatment of mice.

A major challenge in tuberculosis (TB) therapeutics is that antibiotic exposure leads to changes in the physiologic state of () which may enable the pathogen to withstand treatment. While antibiotic-treated have been evaluated in short-term experiments, it is unclear if and how long-term treatment with diverse antibiotics with varying treatment-shortening activity (sterilizing activity) affect physiologic states differently. Here, we used SEARCH-TB, a pathogen-targeted RNA-sequencing platform, to characterize the transcriptome in the BALB/c high-dose aerosol infection mouse model following 4-week treatment with three sterilizing and three non-sterilizing antibiotics.

Effectiveness of NSW health get healthy telephone coaching in adults screened from general practices.

Background: The effectiveness of the NSW Health "Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service(Get Healthy) to facilitate weight loss on a population scale has been documented, but this was based on self-reported measures. Our study aims to test the effectiveness of the Get Healthy Service on objectively measured weight, BMI, waist circumference, and changes in other health behaviours, including nutrition, physical activity and alcohol intake.

Methods: Men and women aged 40-70 years (n = 154) with pre-diabetes (5.

A Systematic Review of the Completion of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs for Adults Aged 18-50 Years.

Objective: To perform a systematic review of completion rates of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in adults aged 18 to 50 yr and describe how core components were reported, measured, and tailored to those under 50 yr.

Review Methods: Database search of MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library based on keywords, including articles from January 1, 1990. The last search was performed on April 21, 2023.