Coronary CT angiography: First comparison of model-based and hybrid iterative reconstruction with the reference standard invasive catheter angiography for CAD-RADS reporting.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare CCTA images generated using HIR and IMR algorithm with the reference standard ICA, and to determine to what extend further improvements of IMR over HIR can be expected.

Methods: This retrospective study included 60 patients with low to intermediate CAD risk, who underwent coronary CTA (with HIR and IMR) and ICA. ICA was used as reference standard.

Measuring Kinetics under Vibrational Strong Coupling: Testing for a Change in the Nucleophilicity of Water and Alcohols.

Vibrational Strong Coupling (VSC) has been reported to change the rate of organic reactions. However, a lack of convenient and reliable methods to measure reaction kinetics under VSC makes it challenging to obtain mechanistic insight into its influence, hindering progress in the field. Here, we use recently developed fixed-width optical cavities to obtain large kinetic datasets under VSC with small errors (±1-5 %) in an operationally simple manner using UV/Vis spectroscopy.

Heat stress in plants: sensing, signalling and ferroptosis.

In the current context of global warming, high temperature events are becoming more frequent and intense in many places around the world. In this context, understanding how plants sense and respond to heat is essential to develop new tools to prevent plant damage and address global food security, as high temperature events are threatening agricultural sustainability. This review summarizes and integrates our current understanding underlying the cellular, physiological, biochemical and molecular regulatory pathways triggered in plants under moderately high and extremely high temperature conditions.

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of BI 685509, a soluble guanylyl cyclase activator, in healthy volunteers: Results from two randomized controlled trials.

This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of BI 685509 after oral single rising doses (SRDs) or multiple rising doses (MRDs) in healthy volunteers. In the SRD trial (NCT02694354; February 29, 2016), within each of the three dose groups (DGs), six subjects received BI 685509 (1.0, 2.

[Videoconference Fatigue Coping Strategies].

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed people's professional and private lives globally and has led to an increasing use of digital technologies, especially video conferencing systems (e.g. Zoom, Webex, Teams, Skype).

Adaptation of CD4 in gorillas and chimpanzees conveyed resistance to simian immunodeficiency viruses.

Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) comprise a large group of primate lentiviruses that endemically infect African monkeys. HIV-1 spilled over to humans from this viral reservoir, but the spillover did not occur directly from monkeys to humans. Instead, a key event was the introduction of SIVs into great apes, which then set the stage for infection of humans.

Structurally divergent and recurrently mutated regions of primate genomes.

To better understand the pattern of primate genome structural variation, we sequenced and assembled using multiple long-read sequencing technologies the genomes of eight nonhuman primate species, including New World monkeys (owl monkey and marmoset), Old World monkey (macaque), Asian apes (orangutan and gibbon), and African ape lineages (gorilla, bonobo, and chimpanzee). Compared to the human genome, we identified 1,338,997 lineage-specific fixed structural variants (SVs) disrupting 1,561 protein-coding genes and 136,932 regulatory elements, including the most complete set of human-specific fixed differences. Across 50 million years of primate evolution, we estimate that 819.

Ferroptosis in plants: regulation of lipid peroxidation and redox status.

Regulated cell death (RCD) is an essential process that plays key roles along the plant life cycle. Unlike accidental cell death, which is an uncontrolled biological process, RCD involves integrated signaling cascades and precise molecular-mediated mechanisms that are triggered in response to specific exogenous or endogenous stimuli. Ferroptosis is a cell death pathway characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species.

Extended Reality Guidelines for Supporting Autism Interventions Based on Stakeholders' Needs.

While Extended Reality (XR) autism research, ranging from Augmented to Virtual Reality, focuses on socio-emotional abilities and autistic children requiring low support, common interventions address the entire spectrum and focus on other abilities, including perceptual abilities. Based on these observations, this paper first addresses common practitioners' interventions, and then suggests XR use cases and guidelines to better support them. To do so, 34 interviews were conducted with stakeholders, mainly including practitioners, and then analyzed.

Intestinal Organoids in Colitis Research: Focusing on Variability and Cryopreservation.

In recent years, stem cell-derived organoids have become a cell culture standard that is widely used for studying various scientific issues that were previously investigated through animal experiments and using common tumor cell lines. After their initial hype, concerns regarding their standardization have been raised. Here, we aim to provide some insights into our experience in standardizing murine colonic epithelial organoids, which we use as a replacement method for research on inflammatory bowel disease.

Immune checkpoint blockade impairs immunosuppressive mechanisms of regulatory T cells in B-cell lymphoma.

In malignant disease, CD4Foxp3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) hamper antitumor immune responses and may provide a target for immunotherapy. Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become an established therapy for several cancer entities including lymphoma, its mechanisms have not been entirely uncovered. Using endogenously arising λ-MYC-transgenic mouse B-cell lymphomas, which can effectively be suppressed by either Treg ablation or ICB, we investigated which mechanisms are used by Tregs to suppress antitumor responses and how ICB affects these pathways.

Conformational editing of intrinsically disordered protein by α-methylation.

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) constitute a large portion of "Dark Proteome" - difficult to characterize or yet to be discovered protein structures. Here we used conformationally constrained α-methylated amino acids to bias the conformational ensemble in the free unstructured activation domain of transcriptional coactivator ACTR. Different sites and patterns of substitutions were enabled by chemical protein synthesis and led to distinct populations of α-helices.

Cystic Fibrosis Newborn Screening in Austria Using PAP and the Numeric Product of PAP and IRT Concentrations as Second-Tier Parameters.

In Austria, newborns have been screened for cystic fibrosis (CF) by analyzing immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) from dried blood spots (DBS)s for nearly 20 years. Recently, pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) analysis was introduced as a second-tier test with the aim of reducing recalls for second DBS cards while keeping sensitivity high. For 28 months, when IRT was elevated (65-130 ng/mL), PAP was measured from the first DBS ( = 198,927) with a two-step cut-off applied.

Early Diagnosis of Canine Hip Laxity: Correlation between Clinical Orthopedic Examinations and the FCI Scoring Method in a Closed Cohort of Rottweilers.

Canine hip dysplasia is a multifactorial disorder characterized by hip laxity and osteoarthritis. The early diagnosis of hip laxity is an important topic in small animal orthopedics. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between clinical orthopedic examinations and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) scoring method.

Interleukin-10 counteracts T-helper type 1 responses in B-cell lymphoma and is a target for tumor immunotherapy.

To establish strategies for immunotherapy of B-cell lymphoma, it is mandatory to gain deeper insights into the mechanisms of tumor immune escape. In a mouse model of endogenously arising lymphoma, we investigated the impact of IL-10 on the regulation of antitumor responses. Despite progressive functional impairment of NK cells and lack of IFN-γ in the tumor milieu, we found an augmented fraction of T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, which continued to express IFN-γ but also upregulated IL-10 during disease development.

Therapy of lymphoma by immune checkpoint inhibitors: the role of T cells, NK cells and cytokine-induced tumor senescence.

Background: Although antibodies blocking immune checkpoints have already been approved for clinical cancer treatment, the mechanisms involved are not yet completely elucidated. Here we used a λ-MYC transgenic model of endogenously growing B-cell lymphoma to analyze the requirements for effective therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods: Growth of spontaneous lymphoma was monitored in mice that received antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4, and the role of different immune cell compartments and cytokines was studied by in vivo depletion experiments.

The role of dendritic cells for therapy of B-cell lymphoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint blocking (ICB) is a promising new tool of cancer treatment. Yet, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we investigated the role of dendritic cells (DCs) for the therapeutic effect of ICB in a λ-MYC-transgenic mouse model of endogenously arising B-cell lymphoma.

National Physician Survey for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF) Anticoagulation Comparing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Cardiologist to PCPs.

Introduction: NVAF is estimated to affect between 6.4 and 7.4 million Americans in 2018, and increases the risk of stroke 5-fold.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of valued obstetric and gynecologic (OB/GYN) procedures in resource-poor areas.

Background: Obstetric and gynecologic procedures are valuable in rural settings. Data identifying common procedures may better prepare surgeons to meet patient needs in remote settings.

Materials And Methods: A literature review using key MeSH terms was performed according to methods described by the Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA on studies that described obstetric and gynecologic surgery in rural high-income countries or any setting in middle- to low-income countries.

Aggregation and Amyloidogenicity of the Nuclear Coactivator Binding Domain of CREB-Binding Protein.

The nuclear coactivator binding domain (NCBD) of transcriptional co-regulator CREB-binding protein (CBP) is an example of conformationally malleable proteins that can bind to structurally unrelated protein targets and adopt distinct folds in the respective protein complexes. Here, we show that the folding landscape of NCBD contains an alternative pathway that results in protein aggregation and self-assembly into amyloid fibers. The initial steps of such protein misfolding are driven by intermolecular interactions of its N-terminal α-helix bringing multiple NCBD molecules into contact.

Development and validation of an asthma exacerbation prediction model using electronic health record (EHR) data.

Asthma exacerbations are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. Accurately identifying asthma patients at risk for exacerbation is essential. We sought to develop a risk prediction tool based on routinely collected data from electronic health records (EHRs).

A genetic switch for worker nutrition-mediated traits in honeybees.

Highly social insects are characterized by caste dimorphism, with distinct size differences of reproductive organs between fertile queens and the more or less sterile workers. An abundance of nutrition or instruction via diet-specific compounds has been proposed as explanations for the nutrition-driven queen and worker polyphenism. Here, we further explored these models in the honeybee (Apis mellifera) using worker nutrition rearing and a novel mutational screening approach using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) method.