Ticks infesting terrestrial small mammals in a rural settlement in the Amazonas state, Brazil.

There is limited knowledge about tick diversity in the Amazon region. Here, we survey small terrestrial mammals for tick infestation at the Rio Pardo settlement, Amazonas State, Brazil. Sampling included rainy and dry seasons and four ecotones (primary forest, forest in regeneration, field crops and households).

Investigation of Rabies virus in wild mammals of the atlantic forest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

With the successful control of rabies transmitted by dogs in Brazil, wild animals have played a relevant epidemiological role in the transmission of rabies virus (RABV). Bats, non-human primates and wild canines are the main wild animals that transmit RABV in the country. It is worth highlighting the possibility of synanthropic action of these species, when they become adapted to urban areas, causing infections in domestic animals and eventually in humans.

Rabies virus circulation in a highly diverse bat assemblage from a high-risk area for zoonoses outbreaks in the Brazilian Amazon.

Bats are the second most diverse order of mammals and play a central role in ecosystem dynamics. They are also important reservoirs of potentially zoonotic microorganisms, of which rabies virus is the most lethal among the bat-transmitted zoonotic pathogens. Importantly, recent outbreaks of human rabies have been reported from the Brazilian Amazon.

Evaluation of LN34 Pan-Lyssavirus RT-qPCR assay for rabies diagnosis in Brazil.

Rabies, a fatal zoonotic viral disease affecting mammals, including humans, remains a significant global health concern, particularly in low-income countries. The disease, primarily transmitted through infected animal saliva, prompts urgent diagnosis for timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The gold standard diagnostic test, direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT), while sensitive, suffers from limitations such as subjective interpretation and high costs.

Prioritization criteria in policies and management of human resources for health: a proposal for a validated methodology.

Objective: To create and validate criteria for prioritizing problems related to policies and management of the health workforce.

Methods: This methodological study was divided into three stages. First, the criteria were elaborated by means of a systematized literature review.

Blood collection under anesthesia, peripheral blood cells, plasma biochemistry, and plasma protein electrophoresis in a living fossil: the Spotted Ratfish ().

This report describes the safe and effective handling under anesthesia, blood collection and main clinical pathology values determination for three adult Spotted Ratfish () (two males and one female) successfully maintained under human care for more than 20 years. The anesthetic MS-222 diluted in tamponed salt water at 50 ppm provided deep narcosis with mean induction and recovery times of 5 and 20 min, allowing safe handling and blood collection in the three animals sampled. Major leukocyte types were similar to other teleost and elasmobranch species, identifying lymphocytes as the predominant leukocyte (75.

Correction: Molecular modelling of the HCMV IL-10 protein isoforms and analysis of their interaction with the human IL-10 receptor.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Impacts of acute hypoxia on the short-snouted seahorse metabolism and behaviour.

Seahorses are one of the most unique and enigmatic animals, recognized as flagship species for several conservation issues. Unfortunately, seahorses' populations have been declining and their unique lifestyle may constrain the ability of these animals to evolve in the future climate scenarios. They inhabit shallow coastal waters that display daily or seasonal environmental fluctuations.

Gastroenterological Manifestations of Immunoglobulin G Subclass 4-Related Disease-Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Treatment.

Despite causing high morbidity, IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and its gastroenterological manifestations lack better and greater theoretical contributions. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological, diagnostic and treatment aspects of the gastrointestinal manifestations of this disease. A systematic review was carried out using the PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases between January 2012 and March 2023 with the following descriptors: "Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease" (MeSH) AND #2 "Gastrointestinal Tract" (MeSH).

Molecular modelling of the HCMV IL-10 protein isoforms and analysis of their interaction with the human IL-10 receptor.

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL111A gene encodes several homologs of the cellular interleukin 10 (cIL-10). Alternative splicing in the UL111A region produces two relatively well-characterized transcripts designated cmvIL-10 (isoform A) and LAcmvIL-10 (isoform B). The cmvIL-10 protein is the best characterized, both structurally and functionally, and has many immunosuppressive activities similar to cIL-10, while LAcmvIL-10 has more restricted biological activities.

Laboratory validation of confirmatory tests for rabies diagnosis: Approaches to reduce animal use and facilitate sample collection.

Rabies is an encephalitis caused by rabies virus, whose transmission occurs upon contact with infected animals' saliva. The diagnosis is usually performed post-mortem through a direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT). If the DFAT results are negative, they must be confirmed with an isolation test, usually the mouse inoculation test (MIT), which implies the suffering and death of the animals, high costs and most importantly, up to 28 days to confirm a negative result.

Follicular Dynamics and Pregnancy Rate in Nellore Heifers Submitted to Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Protocols (FTAI).

This study aimed to evaluate follicular dynamics and pregnancy rates in Nellore heifers submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols associated with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Nellore heifers (n = 259) were used, divided into two studies. Experiment I evaluated the ovarian follicular dynamics in 64 Nellore heifers submitted to different FTAI protocols (n = 32/group) using either FSH or eCG.

Detection of rabies virus in cranial cavity lavage of naturally infected bats.

The rabies virus (RABV) has been isolated in several bats species in the world, and among them, hematophagous, frugivorous and insectivorous species. Bats found in Brazil are small, which can lead to situations in which there are limitations in the collection of the central nervous system (CNS) and the amount of material may be insufficient to carry out laboratory diagnostic techniques for rabies. The objective of this work was to evaluate an alternative sample collection for the diagnosis of rabies in bats.

Can a gas phase contact ion pair containing a hydrocarbon carbocation be formed in the ground state?

So far, no conclusive evidence of a ground-state contact ion-pair containing a hydrocarbon carbocation has been given in the gas phase. Due to the very high stability of the 1,2:4,5-dibenzotropylium (or dibenzo[,]tropylium) carbocation, we suggest (supported by DFT and MP2 calculations) the formation of a contact ion pair between this carbocation and chloride, occurring during the reaction between 1,2:4,5-dibenzotropyl (also named dibenzo[,]tropyl or dibenzo[,]cycloheptenyl) radical and chlorine atom at very low temperatures, through the harpoon mechanism. This is the first modeling study to find computational evidence for the possibility of a gas-phase contact ion pair (containing a hydrocarbon carbocation) formed in the ground state.

O. Berg fruit and leaves: physicochemical characteristics, antifungal activity and chemical composition of their essential oils in different seasons.

This paper aims to investigate, for the first time, physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant capacity of ripe and unripe fruit. In addition, essential oil was extracted from fresh leaves (PM-EO) collected in dry and rainy seasons to investigate the influence of seasonality and, after that, to evaluate its antifungal activity on mycelial growth of . Both GC-FID and GC-MS analyses revealed that major components determined in PM-EO were β-caryophyllene (20.

Rabies virus diversification in aerial and terrestrial mammals.

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic infection of the central nervous system of mammals and has been known to humans for millennia. The etiological agent, is a neurotropic RNA virus in the order Mononegavirales, family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus. There are currently accepted to be two cycles for rabies transmission: the urban cycle and the sylvatic cycle.

Molecular Diagnosis and Prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) in Buffaloes and Ectoparasites in the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Trypanosoma vivax Ziemann is a parasite that affects both wild and domestic ungulates and is transmitted mechanically via tabanids and other blood-sucking insects in the Americas. A total of 621 blood samples from water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae), and 184 ectoparasite samples (Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) sensu stricto and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae), and Haematopinus tuberculatus (Burmeister) (Phthiraptera: Haematopinidae)) were obtained from 60 farms in the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Twelve buffalo blood samples (1.

Correction to: Sequence analysis of nucleoprotein gene reveals the co-circulation of lineages and sublineages of rabies virus in herbivorous in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil.

Discussion section, 9th paragraph.

Rabies in Callithrix sp. in the urban area of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

In Brazil, rabies occurs mainly within an urban cycle, in which dogs and bats are reservoirs. This paper aims to report the occurrence of rabies in Callithrix sp. in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Phylogenetic analysis of rabies viruses isolated from cattle in southern Brazil.

Bats and dogs are the main reservoirs of rabies virus (RABV) in Latin America and are responsible for the maintenance of different cycles of infection. In the two neighbour and most southern Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC), rabies in dogs has been successfully controlled for more than 30 years. However, rabies associated to the rural cycle remains endemic, with a significant, though oscillating-annual incidence of rabies in cattle.

Sequence analysis of nucleoprotein gene reveals the co-circulation of lineages and sublineages of rabies virus in herbivorous in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil.

An unprecedented outbreak of rabies occurred in Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from 2012 onward, resulting in thousands of bovine deaths, important economic losses, and posing risk to human health. This article describes a genetic analysis of 145 rabies viruses (RABV) recovered from herbivorous from RS between 2012 and 2017, based on partial sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein (N) gene. High nucleotide (nt) identity (95.

Chemical composition and in vitro inhibitory effects of essential oils from fruit peel of three Citrus species and limonene on mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Essential oils (EO) from aromatic and medicinal plants generally perform a diverse range of biological activities because they have several active constituents that work in different mechanisms of action. EO from Citrus peel have an impressive range of food and medicinal uses, besides other applications. EO from Citrus reticulata, C.

Factors associated with the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella abortus in water buffaloes from Santarém, Lower Amazon region, Brazil.

We evaluated the factors associated with the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella abortus in buffaloes in the municipality of Santarém, Western Pará, northern Brazil. The study was conducted on 60 farms, representing 25.8% of the total buffalo farms in the region.

Chemical composition of essential oils from different parts of (Aubl.) Marchand and their antibacterial activity.

In Brazilian folk medicine, is used to treat inflammatory conditions and to hasten wound repair. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and the antibacterial effects of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from leaves and ripe and unripe fruits against a representative panel of oral pathogens. The GC-FID and GC-MS analysis revealed that the major components determined in essential oils were myrcene (59.