Factors Influencing the Translation of Evidence Into Clinical Practice for Hospital Allied Health Professionals in Terms of the Domains of Behaviour Change Theory: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review provides an overview of the unique challenges allied health professions face in the translation and implementation of evidence into practice, which remain relatively under reported and uninformed by a theoretical basis of behaviour change. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2022 were searched for primary study designs resulting in 21 articles included in this review (PROSPERO: 2022 CRD42022314996). Allied health disciplines reported in the review were mainly from occupational therapy, physiotherapy, dietetics, and speech pathology.

Everyday Executive Functioning Profiles in Adults with Down Syndrome.

Research on everyday executive functions in individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) has focused mostly on children and adolescents. The current study examined everyday executive functions in DS adults. 27 DS adults (aged 22.

Assessment of Skin Maturity by LED Light at Birth and Its Association With Lung Maturity: Clinical Trial Secondary Outcomes.

Background: Clinicians face barriers when assessing lung maturity at birth due to global inequalities. Still, strategies for testing based solely on gestational age to predict the likelihood of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) do not offer a comprehensive approach to addressing the challenge of uncertain outcomes. We hypothesize that a noninvasive assessment of skin maturity may indicate lung maturity.

Habitat use of Amazonian birds varies by age and foraging guild along a disturbance gradient.

Patterns of habitat use directly influence a species' fitness, yet for many species an individual's age can influence patterns of habitat use. However, in tropical rainforests, which host the greatest terrestrial species diversity, little is known about how age classes of different species use different adjacent habitats of varying quality. We use long-term mist net data from the Amazon rainforest to assess patterns of habitat use among adult, adolescent (teenage) and young understory birds in forest fragments, primary and secondary forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project in Brazil.

Unlocking the full potential of digital endpoints for decision making: a novel modular evidence concept enabling re-use and advancing collaboration.

Introduction: Over the last decade increasing examples indicate opportunities to measure patient functioning and its relevance for clinical and regulatory decision making via endpoints collected through digital health technologies. More recently, we have seen such measures support primary study endpoints and enable smaller trials. The field is advancing fast: validation requirements have been proposed in the literature and regulators are releasing new guidances to review these endpoints.

Identification of Selective Imidazopyridine CSF1R Inhibitors.

Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R or c-FMS), a class III receptor tyrosine kinase expressed on members of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), plays a key role in the proper functioning of macrophages, microglia, and related cells. Aberrant signaling through CSF1R has been associated with a variety of disease states, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. In this Letter, we detail our efforts to develop novel CSF1R inhibitors.

Validity of the brief executive-function assessment tool in an outpatient substance use disorder setting.

The Brief Executive-function Assessment Tool (BEAT) was developed and validated for use in residential substance use disorder treatment settings, where participants are mostly abstinent. It is therefore unclear whether the BEAT is valid for use in outpatient settings, where participants may be actively using substances. The effects of acute intoxication and withdrawal have the potential to alter the results of the BEAT.

The role of chest X-ray in the diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review concerning low-resource birth scenarios.

Background: Access to diagnostic tools like chest radiography (CXR) is challenging in resource-limited areas. Despite reduced reliance on CXR due to the need for quick clinical decisions, its usage remains prevalent in the approach to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).

Objectives: To assess CXR's role in diagnosing and grading NRDS severity compared to current clinical features and laboratory standards.

Cognitive remediation in residential substance use treatment: A randomized stepped-wedge trial.

Executive dysfunction is common in individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) and presents a barrier to treatment engagement. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive remediation (CR) for improving executive functioning and treatment retention in patients with SUD, using a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial. The sample included 527 adults enrolled across ten residential SUD treatment providers in NSW, Australia.

A comparison of conductive ink usage optimization techniques used in fabrication of epidermal UHF radio frequency identification tags for medical and sensing applications.

The aim of this work is to assess the performance of various inkjet printing techniques. These techniques are aimed at optimizing the volume of conductive ink used in the fabrication of inkjet printed Radio Frequency Identification tags. It is also possible that they can be used in fabricating other electronic and electromagnetic devices and structures.

Neuropsychological Deficits in Disordered Screen Use Behaviours: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Over the last few decades, excessive and disordered screen use has become more prevalent, prompting investigations into its associated consequences. The extent to which disordered screen use behaviours impact neuropsychological functioning has been reportedly mixed and at times inconsistent. This review sought to synthesise the literature and estimate the magnitude of overall cognitive impairment across a wide range of disordered screen use behaviours.

A qualitative exploration of gynaecological healthcare experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer people assigned female at birth.

Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, asexual/aromantic (LGBTQA+) people, assigned female at birth (AFAB), experience disproportionately poorer gynaecological healthcare outcomes compared to their cisgender, heterosexual peers. The barriers to gynaecological care remain poorly understood. In a step toward bridging this gap, the current study explored the lived gynaecological healthcare experiences of Australian LGBTQA+ AFAB people and the barriers they experience in accessing care.

Scale up of implementation of a multidimensional intervention to enhance hypertension and diabetes care at the primary care setting: A protocol for a cluster-randomized study in Brazil.

Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are highly prevalent in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and the proportion of patients with uncontrolled diseases is higher than in high-income countries. Innovative strategies are required to surpass barriers of low sources, distance and quality of health care. Our aim is to assess the uptake and effectiveness of the implementation of an integrated multidimensional strategy in the primary care setting, for the management of people with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Brazil.

Usability of Telehealth Systems for Noncommunicable Diseases in Primary Care From the COVID-19 Pandemic Onward: Systematic Review.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth was expanded without the opportunity to extensively evaluate the adopted technology's usability.

Objective: We aimed to synthesize evidence on health professionals' perceptions regarding the usability of telehealth systems in the primary care of individuals with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs; hypertension and diabetes) from the COVID-19 pandemic onward.

Methods: A systematic review was performed of clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, retrospective observational studies, and studies that used qualitative data collection and analysis methods published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese from March 2020 onward.

International, prospective cohort study comparing non-absorbable versus absorbable sutures for skin surgery: CANVAS service evaluation.

Background: Absorbable or non-absorbable sutures can be used for superficial skin closure following excisional skin surgery. There is no consensus among clinicians nor high-quality evidence supporting the choice of suture. The aim of the present study was to determine current suture use and complications at 30 days after excisional skin surgery.

A hyperinflammation clinical risk tool, HI5-NEWS2, stratifies hospitalised COVID-19 patients to associate risk of death and effect of early dexamethasone in an observational cohort.

Background: The success of early dexamethasone therapy for hospitalised COVID-19 cases in treatment of Sars-CoV-2 infection may predominantly reflect its anti-inflammatory action against a hyperinflammation (HI) response. It is likely that there is substantial heterogeneity in HI responses in COVID-19.

Methods: Blood CRP, ferritin, neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts were scored to assess HI (HI5) and combined with a validated measure of generalised medical deterioration (NEWS2) before day 2.

Just another clickbait title: A corpus-driven investigation of negative attitudes toward science on Reddit.

The public understanding of science has produced a large body of research about general attitudes toward science. However, most studies of science attitudes have been carried out via surveys or in experimental conditions, and few make use of the growing contexts of online science communication to investigate attitudes without researcher intervention. This study adopted corpus-based discourse analysis to investigate the negative attitudes held toward science by users of the social media website Reddit, specifically the forum r/science.

Fifteen minutes of high intensity running can impair performance on concussion testing; Implications for on-field diagnosis in sport.

Objectives: To examine the effects of 15 min of high intensity treadmill running on concussion testing assessed by the King-Devick test.

Design: Prospective Cohort Study.

Methods: Participants self-selected to either a running or a control group.

Disparities in Emergency Department Utilization Among Women with Postpartum Mood Disorders (2006-2016).

Introduction: Postpartum mood disorders are associated with adverse outcomes for newborns and mothers and may require urgent evaluation. The emergency department is often a healthcare entry point, but factors associated with these emergency department visits are unknown.

Methods: A longitudinal retrospective analysis using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample to assess national estimates of emergency department visits by women ages 15-49 with primary diagnosis of a postpartum mood disorder between 2006 and 2016.

Not all mentally stimulating activities are alike: insights from a 4-factor model and implications for late-life cognition.

It is not yet known which specific qualities of cognitively stimulating activities are most likely to enhance cognitive reserve in older adults. Taking an inductive approach to this problem, we asked 504 older adults with subjective and/or cognitive impairment to complete the Cognitively Stimulating Activities Questionnaire (CSA-Q). Exploratory factor analysis identified a 4-factor structure within a split-half sample, after which confirmatory factor analysis cross-validated the model.

Using the Vitiligo Noticeability Scale in clinical trials: construct validity, interpretability, reliability and acceptability.

Background: Validated outcome measures are needed for vitiligo trials.

Objectives: To assess construct validity, interpretability, reliability and acceptability of the Vitiligo Noticeability Scale (VNS).

Methods: We used images of vitiligo before and after treatment, plus outcome data, from the HI-Light Vitiligo trial.

A bivalent Epstein-Barr virus vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies that block infection and confer immunity in humanized mice.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the major cause of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with several human cancers and, more recently, multiple sclerosis. Despite its prevalence and health impact, there are currently no vaccines or treatments. Four viral glycoproteins (gp), gp350 and gH/gL/gp42, mediate entry into the major sites of viral replication, B cells, and epithelial cells.

Prescribing and using vitiligo treatments: lessons from a nested process evaluation within the HI-Light vitiligo randomized controlled trial.

Background: The HI-Light Trial demonstrated that for active, limited vitiligo, combination treatment with potent topical corticosteroid (TCS) and handheld narrowband ultraviolet B offers a better treatment response than potent TCS alone. However, it is unclear how to implement these findings.

Aim: We sought to answer three questions: (i) Can combination treatment be used safely and effectively by people with vitiligo?; (ii) Should combination treatment be made available as routine clinical care?; and (iii) Can combination treatment be integrated within current healthcare provision?

Methods: This was a mixed-methods process evaluation, including semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of trial participants, structured interviews with commissioners, and an online survey and focus groups with trial staff.

Immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants after two and three doses of vaccine in B-cell malignancies: UK PROSECO study.

Patients with hematological malignancies are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes due to compromised immune responses, but the insights of these studies have been compromised due to intrinsic limitations in study design. Here we present the PROSECO prospective observational study ( NCT04858568 ) on 457 patients with lymphoma that received two or three COVID-19 vaccine doses. We show undetectable humoral responses following two vaccine doses in 52% of patients undergoing active anticancer treatment.