TGF-β1 Effects on Total Collagen of the New Zealand Rabbit's Urethral Wall (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Animal Models of Urethral Stricture.

Background: Currently, animal models of urethral stricture are not standardized. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) regulates extracellular matrix deposition in homeostatic and pathological responses.

Objective: The aim of this study was to present the potential model to be developed as a urethral stricture.

Deciphering the Role of TGF-β1 in Altering Collagen I and Collagen III in the New Zealand Rabbit's (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Urethral Wall in Urethral Stricture Development.

Background: Presently, there's a lack of standardization in animal models used for studying urethral stricture. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) is known to regulate the deposition of extracellular matrix in both normal and pathological conditions. This factor holds promise as a potential model for simulating urethral stricture.

The Effect of Long-Term Tamsulosin Monotherapy and Tamsulosin - Dutasteride Combination Therapy on PKC-α Enzyme Expression in Prostate Stromal Tissue.

Background: The α-adrenergic receptor antagonist is the most effective medical therapy to reduce the dynamic component in patients with BPH. However, long-term administration of receptor antagonists can cause upregulation of mRNA receptor expression, resulting in tolerance of drug effectiveness. PKC-α is involved in the process of prostate smooth muscle contraction through activation of the voltage-gated Ca2+ conducted canal, influenced by androgen hormones, especially testosterone, and has an isoform with Twist1, a transcription factor that plays a role in up-regulation of androgen receptors.

miRNA-21 Serum Evaluation in BPH, Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer, and Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer: Attempt for Diagnostic Biomarker Evaluation.

Background: Some of prostate cancer cases could progress to be Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC). However it is still a challenge to early diagnose it since no reliable examination could be done except PSA, which has high variability. It is now known that miRNAs are involved in nearly all inflammatory responses.

miRNA-21 as Reliable Serum Diagnostic Biomarker Candidate for Metastatic Progressive Prostate Cancer: Meta-analysis Approach.

Background: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men, moreover when it develops metastasis. However, PSA detection in serum as current gold standard to measure disease progressivity had wide variability leading to confounding outcomes. MicroRNA-21 has diagnostic values for cancer over period of time researched, yet results are still inconclusive.

Modulation of T-cell Regulators Associated with Advanced Stage of Prostate Cancer.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer are the most common prostate diseases. The possible role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of BPH and prostate cancer in recent years has begun to be widely studied. Although many studies have focused on T lymphocytes on the development of BPH and prostate cancer, the role of regulatory T-cells in the pathogenesis of BPH and prostate cancer is still not well known.

and Study: COX-2 Inhibition by Ethanol Extract of Dayak Onion Bulb ( Merr) as Treatment Innovation of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).

Introduction: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a benign tumor in males, which is histopathologically known with an increase of epithelial cells and prostatic stroma. Androgens, estrogens, stroma-epithelial interactions, growth factors, and chronic inflammation play a key role in the occurrence of BPH. Chronic inflammation in BPH is characterized by excessive expression of COX-2, which will trigger the expression of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein.