Magnetic interactions in the Zn-Co-O system: tuning local structure, valence and carrier type from extremely Co doped ZnO to ZnCo2O4.

We have investigated the relation between local structure, valence and carrier type with magnetism in the Zn-Co-O system. Thin films ranging from wurtzite Zn(1-x)Co(x)O (Co:ZnO) to ZnCo2O4 spinel were grown on c-sapphire substrates. On the one hand, the unprecedented doping of x = 0.