Validation of radiolabelled exendin for beta cell imaging by ex vivo autoradiography and immunohistochemistry of human pancreas.

Background: Estimation of beta cell mass is currently restricted to evaluating pancreatic tissue samples, which provides limited information. A non-invasive imaging technique that reliably quantifies beta cell mass enables monitoring of changes of beta cell mass during the progression of diabetes mellitus and may contribute to monitoring of therapy effectiveness. We assessed the specificity of radiolabelled exendin for beta cell mass quantification in humans.

The interdependence of targets for continuous glucose monitoring outcomes in type 1 diabetes with automated insulin delivery.

Aim: The aim was to determine the interdependence of targets for glucose management indicator (GMI), time within the ranges of 70-180 mg/dL (TIR) and 70-140 mg/dL (time in tight glucose range [TITR]), time above 180 mg/dL (TA180) and 250 mg/dL (TA250) and time below 70 mg/dL (TB70) and 54 mg/dL (TB54) and its implications for setting targets in automated insulin delivery (AID).

Materials And Methods: Real-world data from individuals with type 1 diabetes using the 780G system were used to calculate the receiver operating characteristic curves and establish interdependent targets for time in ranges based on several GMI benchmarks. Correlation, regression and principal component analysis were used to determine their association and dimensionality.

Early life socioeconomic inequalities and type 2 diabetes incidence: Longitudinal analyses in the Maastricht study.

Aim: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common chronic disease that disproportionally affects groups with a low socioeconomic position (SEP). This study aimed to examine associations between childhood SEP and incident T2D, independent of adult SEP.

Methods: Longitudinal data from The Maastricht Study were used (N=6,727, 55.

Bone microarchitecture and strength assessed by HRpQCT in individuals with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: the Maastricht study.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a prevalent disease and has been associated with an increased fracture risk despite normal or even higher areal BMD. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between glucose metabolism status (GMS) and measurements of glycemic control with HRpQCT parameters of bone microarchitecture and strength. Participants of the Maastricht study who underwent an HRpQCT scan at the distal radius and tibia were included.

Estimating risk of consequences following hypoglycaemia exposure using the Hypo-RESOLVE cohort: a secondary analysis of pooled data from insulin clinical trials.

Aims/hypothesis: Whether hypoglycaemia increases the risk of other adverse outcomes in diabetes remains controversial, especially for hypoglycaemia episodes not requiring assistance from another person. An objective of the Hypoglycaemia REdefining SOLutions for better liVEs (Hypo-RESOLVE) project was to create and use a dataset of pooled clinical trials in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes to examine the association of exposure to all hypoglycaemia episodes across the range of severity with incident event outcomes: death, CVD, neuropathy, kidney disease, retinal disorders and depression. We also examined the change in continuous outcomes that occurred following a hypoglycaemia episode: change in eGFR, HbA, blood glucose, blood glucose variability and weight.

Risk factors and prediction of hypoglycaemia using the Hypo-RESOLVE cohort: a secondary analysis of pooled data from insulin clinical trials.

Aims/hypothesis: The objective of the Hypoglycaemia REdefining SOLutions for better liVES (Hypo-RESOLVE) project is to use a dataset of pooled clinical trials across pharmaceutical and device companies in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes to examine factors associated with incident hypoglycaemia events and to quantify the prediction of these events.

Methods: Data from 90 trials with 46,254 participants were pooled. Analyses were done for type 1 and type 2 diabetes separately.

Development of a new health-related quality of life measure for people with diabetes who experience hypoglycaemia: the Hypo-RESOLVE QoL.

Aims/hypothesis: Valid and reliable patient-reported outcome measures are vital for assessing disease impact, responsiveness to healthcare and the cost-effectiveness of interventions. A recent review has questioned the ability of existing measures to assess hypoglycaemia-related impacts on health-related quality of life for people with diabetes. This mixed-methods project was designed to produce a novel health-related quality of life patient-reported outcome measure in hypoglycaemia: the Hypo-RESOLVE QoL.

Association between recent exposure to continuous glucose monitoring-recorded hypoglycaemia and counterregulatory and symptom responses to subsequent controlled hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: Experimental hypoglycaemia blunts the counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to a subsequent episode of hypoglycaemia. In this study, we aimed to assess the associations between antecedent exposure and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-recorded hypoglycaemia during a 1-week period and the counterregulatory responses to subsequent experimental hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two people with type 1 diabetes (20 females, mean ± SD glycated haemoglobin 7.

Cross-sectional associations between patterns and composition of upright and stepping events with physical function: insights from The Maastricht Study.

Introduction: Age-related declines in physical functioning have significant implications for health in later life. Physical activity (PA) volume is associated with physical function, but the importance of the pattern in which PA is accumulated is unclear. This study investigates associations between accelerometer-determined daily PA patterns, including composition and temporal distribution (burstiness) of upright and stepping events, with physical function.

Associations of 24 h time-use compositions of sitting, standing, physical activity and sleeping with optimal cardiometabolic risk and glycaemic control: The Maastricht Study.

Aims/hypothesis: The associations of sitting, standing, physical activity and sleep with cardiometabolic health and glycaemic control markers are interrelated. We aimed to identify 24 h time-use compositions associated with optimal metabolic and glycaemic control and determine whether these varied by diabetes status.

Methods: Thigh-worn activPAL data from 2388 participants aged 40-75 years (48.

Retinal microvascular function and incidence and trajectories of clinically relevant depressive symptoms: the Maastricht Study.

Background: Cerebral microvascular dysfunction may contribute to depression via disruption of brain structures involved in mood regulation, but evidence is limited. We investigated the association of retinal microvascular function, a proxy for microvascular function in the brain, with incidence and trajectories of clinically relevant depressive symptoms.

Methods: Longitudinal data are from The Maastricht Study of 5952 participants (59.

Magnesium Supplementation Modulates T-cell Function in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Low Serum Magnesium Levels.

Context: Low magnesium levels, which are common in people with type 2 diabetes, are associated with increased levels of proinflammatory molecules. It is unknown whether magnesium supplementation decreases this low-grade inflammation in people with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: We performed multidimensional immunophenotyping to better understand the effect of magnesium supplementation on the immune system of people with type 2 diabetes and low magnesium levels.

Counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes or without diabetes: the Hypo-RESOLVE hypoglycaemic clamp study.

Aim: The sympathetic nervous and hormonal counterregulatory responses to hypoglycaemia differ between people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and may change along the course of diabetes, but have not been directly compared. We aimed to compare counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to hypoglycaemia between people with type 1 diabetes, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and controls without diabetes, using a standardised hyperinsulinaemic-hypoglycaemic clamp.

Materials: We included 47 people with type 1 diabetes, 15 with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, and 32 controls without diabetes.

The impact of prior exposure to hypoglycaemia on the inflammatory response to a subsequent hypoglycaemic episode.

Background: Hypoglycaemia has been shown to induce a systemic pro-inflammatory response, which may be driven, in part, by the adrenaline response. Prior exposure to hypoglycaemia attenuates counterregulatory hormone responses to subsequent hypoglycaemia, but whether this effect can be extrapolated to the pro-inflammatory response is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of antecedent hypoglycaemia on inflammatory responses to subsequent hypoglycaemia in humans.

Socioeconomic inequalities in health-related functioning among people with type 2 Diabetes: longitudinal analyses in the Maastricht Study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic disease that disproportionally affects disadvantaged groups. People with a low socioeconomic position (SEP) have increased risk of T2DM and people with a low SEP and T2DM have higher HbA-levels compared to people with T2DM and high SEP. The aim of this study is to analyze longitudinal socioeconomic differences in health-related functioning in people with T2DM.

Hyperglycemia and glucose variability are associated with worse survival in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: the prospective Maastricht Intensive Care Covid Cohort.

Background: Data on hyperglycemia and glucose variability in relation to diabetes mellitus, either known or unknown in ICU-setting in COVID-19, are scarce. We prospectively studied daily glucose variables and mortality in strata of diabetes mellitus and glycosylated hemoglobin among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients.

Methods: We used linear-mixed effect models in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients to investigate mean and maximum difference in glucose concentration per day over time.

Oral magnesium supplementation does not affect insulin sensitivity in people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and a low serum magnesium: a randomised controlled trial.

Aims/hypothesis: Hypomagnesaemia has been associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Whether magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes and a low serum magnesium level is unknown.

Methods: Using a randomised, double-blind (both participants and investigators were blinded to the participants' treatment sequences), placebo-controlled, crossover study design, we compared the effect of oral magnesium supplementation (15 mmol/day) for 6 weeks with that of matched placebo in individuals with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (age ≥18 years, BMI 18-40 kg/m, HbA <100 mmol/mol [11.

Association of physical activity with endothelial dysfunction among adults with and without chronic kidney disease: The Maastricht Study.

Background And Aims: Physical activity (PA) constitutes an established protective factor while sedentary behavior (SB) an emerging independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study evaluated the association of PA and SB with endothelial dysfunction (ED) depending on kidney function status.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the prospective, population-based Maastricht Study were used.