Increased Emergency Department Utilization and Costs for Medicare Cancer Patients with Malnutrition Diagnoses.

Background: Malnutrition or its risk affects up to 70% of cancer patients. Compared to adequately nourished oncology patients, those with malnutrition experience more complications and have poorer prognoses, thus higher needs for healthcare. We compared utilization of emergency department (ED) services and costs for Medicare-covered cancer patients with or without a malnutrition diagnosis.

Examining guidelines and new evidence in oncology nutrition: a position paper on gaps and opportunities in multimodal approaches to improve patient care.

Malnutrition, muscle loss, and cachexia are prevalent in cancer and remain key challenges in oncology today. These conditions are frequently underrecognized and undertreated and have devastating consequences for patients. Early nutrition screening/assessment and intervention are associated with improved patient outcomes.

Impact of Early Incorporation of Nutrition Interventions as a Component of Cancer Therapy in Adults: A Review.

Malnutrition is prevalent among oncology patients and can adversely affect clinical outcomes, prognosis, quality of life, and survival. This review evaluates current trends in the literature and reported evidence around the timing and impact of specific nutrition interventions in oncology patients undergoing active cancer treatment. Previous research studies (published 1 January 2010-1 April 2020) were identified and selected using predefined search strategy and selection criteria.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy: normal tissue and tumor control effects with large dose per fraction.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a potent noninvasive means of administering high radiation doses to demarcated tumor deposits in extracranial locations. The treatments use image guidance and related advanced treatment delivery technologies for the purpose of escalating the radiation dose to the tumor, while sharply minimizing the radiation doses to surrounding normal tissues. The local tumor control outcomes for SBRT have been higher than any previously published for the radiotherapy of frequently occurring carcinomas.

Preliminary report of the effect of high-dose adjuvant intensity modulated radiation therapy on the sural nerve graft for cavernosal nerve sacrifice after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: A sural nerve graft may replace a killed cavernosal nerve. The effect of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) on function of the graft has not been reported.

Materials And Methods: Between 1998 and 2001, 8 patients (9 nerve grafts) were treated with postoperative IMRT (mean dose, 70 Gy).

Optimizing dose and fractionation for stereotactic body radiation therapy. Normal tissue and tumor control effects with large dose per fraction.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a potent noninvasive means of administering high-dose radiation to demarcated tumor deposits in extracranial locations. The treatments use image guidance and related treatment delivery technology for the purpose of escalating the radiation dose to the tumor itself with as little radiation dose to the surrounding normal tissue as possible. The local tumor control for SBRT has been higher than anything previously published for radiotherapy in treating typical carcinomas.

Long-term benefits of elective radiotherapy after prostatectomy for patients with positive surgical margins.

Purpose: The benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy after prostatectomy for patients with pathological risk factors but with an undetectable postoperative PSA remains controversial. In this retrospective study we define the benefits of elective postoperative radiotherapy in this setting.

Materials And Methods: A total of 44 patients received elective postoperative radiotherapy at a single institution in the PSA era (1989 to 1995) for positive surgical margins and undetectable postoperative PSA.

Tolerance of endorectal balloon in 396 patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer.

Purpose: To report patient tolerance and acute anorectal toxicity of an endorectal balloon used for prostate immobilization during 35 daily fractions.

Materials And Methods: The records of 396 patients treated for prostate cancer from October 1997 to November 2001 were reviewed. Patients were treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).

Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the thymus: a case report and review of the literature.

Primary thymic mucinous adenocarcinoma is extremely rare; to our knowledge, only 2 cases have been reported to date. We describe a third case of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the thymus in a 41-year-old man who presented with an anterior mediastinal mass with subsequent metastasis to the lung. The initial diagnosis was of metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma, but extensive clinical workup of the patient failed to reveal a primary tumor elsewhere in the body.

Predictors of extracapsular extension and its radial distance in prostate cancer: implications for prostate IMRT, brachytherapy, and surgery.

Purpose: Tightly constricted isodose lines are generated using brachytherapy or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning systems for prostate cancer. Definition of margins that encompass subclinical disease extension is important to maximize dose escalation while attemptingto adhere to normal tissue dose tolerances. In this study, we attempted to find predictors of extracapsular extension (ECE) and its radial distance.

IMRT for prostate cancer: defining target volume based on correlated pathologic volume of disease.

Purpose: The intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning system generates tightly constricted isodose lines. It is very important to define the margins that are acceptable in the treatment of prostate cancer to maximize the dose escalation and normal tissue avoidance advantages offered by IMRT. It is necessary to take into account subclinical disease and the potential for extracapsular spread.

Phase II trial of pyrazoloacridine in advanced non-small cell carcinoma of the lung--a Kansas Cancer Institute and Thompson Cancer Survival Center Study.

Background: More active agents are needed in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Pyrazoloacridine (PZA) is a 9-methoxy acridine compound containing a reducible 5-nitro substituent. Although the mechanism of action of PZA is unknown, the acridine compounds are known to cause cytotoxicity by interaction with DNA and RNA.

Post-nerve-sparing prostatectomy, dose-escalated intensity-modulated radiotherapy: effect on erectile function.

Purpose: The advent of widespread prostate-specific antigen screening has resulted in more younger, potent men being diagnosed with early-stage, organ-confined prostate cancer amenable to definitive surgery. Nerve-sparing prostatectomy is a relatively new surgical advance in the treatment of prostate cancer. Very few data exist on the effect of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) on erectile function after nerve-sparing prostatectomy.