Celsr1 and Celsr2 exhibit distinct adhesive interactions and contributions to planar cell polarity.

Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor (Celsr) proteins 1-3 comprise a subgroup of adhesion GPCRs whose functions range from planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling to axon pathfinding and ciliogenesis. Like its ortholog, Flamingo, mammalian Celsr1 is a core component of the PCP pathway, which, among other roles, is responsible for the coordinated alignment of hair follicles across the skin surface. Although the role of Celsr1 in epidermal planar polarity is well established, the contribution of the other major epidermally expressed Celsr protein, Celsr2, has not been investigated.

Correction: Covalent organic functionalization of graphene nanosheets and reduced graphene oxide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D1NA00335F.].

Covalent organic functionalization of graphene nanosheets and reduced graphene oxide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide.

Organic functionalization of graphene is successfully performed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide in the liquid phase. The comparison between 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and ,-dimethylformamide as dispersant solvents, and between sonication and homogenization as dispersion techniques, proves ,-dimethylformamide and homogenization as the most effective choice. The functionalization of graphene nanosheets and reduced graphene oxide is confirmed using different techniques.

New mouse models for high resolution and live imaging of planar cell polarity proteins in vivo.

The collective polarization of cellular structures and behaviors across a tissue plane is a near universal feature of epithelia known as planar cell polarity (PCP). This property is controlled by the core PCP pathway, which consists of highly conserved membrane-associated protein complexes that localize asymmetrically at cell junctions. Here, we introduce three new mouse models for investigating the localization and dynamics of transmembrane PCP proteins: Celsr1, Fz6 and Vangl2.

Celsr1 adhesive interactions mediate the asymmetric organization of planar polarity complexes.

To orchestrate collective polarization across tissues, planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins localize asymmetrically to cell junctions, a conserved feature of PCP that requires the atypical cadherin Celsr1. We report that mouse Celsr1 engages in both - and -interactions, and organizes into dense and highly stable punctate assemblies. We provide evidence suggesting that PCP-mutant variant of Celsr1, Celsr1, selectively impairs lateral -interactions.

A Live-Cell Screen for Altered Erk Dynamics Reveals Principles of Proliferative Control.

Complex, time-varying responses have been observed widely in cell signaling, but how specific dynamics are generated or regulated is largely unknown. One major obstacle has been that high-throughput screens are typically incompatible with the live-cell assays used to monitor dynamics. Here, we address this challenge by screening a library of 429 kinase inhibitors and monitoring extracellular-regulated kinase (Erk) activity over 5 h in more than 80,000 single primary mouse keratinocytes.

A sensitive calorimetric technique to study energy (heat) exchange at the nano-scale.

Every time a chemical reaction occurs, an energy exchange between reactants and the environment takes place, which is defined as the enthalpy of the reaction. During the last few decades, research has resulted in an increasing number of devices at the micro- or nano-scale. Sensors, catalyzers, and energy storage systems are more and more developed as nano-devices which represent the building blocks for commercial "macroscopic" objects.

FGF-2 promotes osteocyte differentiation through increased E11/podoplanin expression.

E11/podoplanin is critical in the early stages of osteoblast-to-osteocyte transitions (osteocytogenesis), however, the upstream events which regulate E11 expression are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of FGF-2 on E11-mediated osteocytogenesis and to reveal the nature of the underlying signaling pathways regulating this process. Exposure of MC3T3 osteoblast-like cells and murine primary osteoblasts to FGF-2 (10 ng/ml) increased E11 mRNA and protein expression (p < 0.

Structural insight into the inactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis non-classical transpeptidase Ldt by biapenem and tebipenem.

Background: The carbapenem subclass of β-lactams is among the most potent antibiotics available today. Emerging evidence shows that, unlike other subclasses of β-lactams, carbapenems bind to and inhibit non-classical transpeptidases (L,D-transpeptidases) that generate 3 → 3 linkages in bacterial peptidoglycan. The carbapenems biapenem and tebipenem exhibit therapeutically valuable potencies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).

Spatially patterned matrix elasticity directs stem cell fate.

There is a growing appreciation for the functional role of matrix mechanics in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation processes. However, it is largely unknown how subcellular, spatial mechanical variations in the local extracellular environment mediate intracellular signal transduction and direct cell fate. Here, the effect of spatial distribution, magnitude, and organization of subcellular matrix mechanical properties on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) function was investigated.

Oculomotor and neurocognitive assessment of youth ice hockey players: baseline associations and observations after concussion.

Baseline scores on the King-Devick (K-D) Test, Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3), and convergence were evaluated in youth hockey players. Worse K-D times were associated with worse ImPACT visual motor speed and reaction time. Eleven concussed athletes were retested, and there was a trend toward improved ImPACT and K-D times compared to baseline.

Defining critical residues for substrate binding to 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase--active site substitutions stabilize the predecarboxylation intermediate C2α-lactylthiamin diphosphate.

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) synthase catalyzes the formation of DXP from pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GraP) in a thiamin diphosphate-dependent manner, and is the first step in the essential pathway to isoprenoids in human pathogens. Understanding the mechanism of this unique enzyme is critical for developing new anti-infective agents that selectively target isoprenoid biosynthesis. The present study used mutagenesis and a combination of protein fluorescence, CD and kinetics experiments to investigate the roles of Arg420, Arg478 and Tyr392 in substrate binding and catalysis.

Mechanical memory and dosing influence stem cell fate.

We investigated whether stem cells remember past physical signals and whether these can be exploited to dose cells mechanically. We found that the activation of the Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding domain (TAZ) as well as the pre-osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured on soft poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels (Young's modulus E ~ 2 kPa) depended on previous culture time on stiff tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS; E ~ 3 GPa). In addition, mechanical dosing of hMSCs cultured on initially stiff (E ~ 10 kPa) and then soft (E ~ 2 kPa) phototunable PEG hydrogels resulted in either reversible or--above a threshold mechanical dose--irreversible activation of YAP/TAZ and RUNX2.

[The epidemiological trends connected with detection of HIV, HCV, HBV and syphilis markers in blood donors in the years 2006-2009].

Unlabelled: In the recent years a great progress has been documented in infection prevention. There is more possibilities responsible for infection and its transmission.

The Aim Of The Study: To analyze obtained epidemiological data concerned to detected infection in blood donors in the area of Blood Bank in Katowice in the years 2006-2009.

Neighborhoods, daily activities, and measuring health risks experienced in urban environments.

Studies of place and health often classify a subject's exposure status according to that which is present in their neighborhood of residence. One's neighborhood is often proxied by designating it to be an administratively defined unit such as census tract, to make analysis feasible. Although it is understood that residential space and actual lived space may not correspond and therefore exposure misclassification may result, few studies have the opportunity to investigate the implications of this issue concretely.

End-of-life and other ethical issues related to pacemaker and defibrillator use in the elderly.

In the past decade, the rate of implantation of pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators in the elderly with cardiac impairment has soared. As patients near the end of life, interventions become more complicated and expensive, and less effective. In this context, "informed consent" requires consideration of issues different from those faced in more routine settings.

Ethical issues in the management of geriatric cardiac patients.

The cardiologist acted in good faith, which resulted in losing the legal battle, the support of the hospital administration, and the friendship of the pulmonologist.

Ethical issues in the management of geriatric cardiac patients.

Ethical Issue: A hospital's Ethics Committee decides to not give analgesics to a terminally ill patient to relieve her pain.