Familial glioblastoma: A case report of glioblastoma in two brothers and review of literature.

Background: Gliomas that aggregate in families with history of malignancy may have an inheritable genetic basis. Gliomas can occur in several well known tumor syndromes. However, their occurrence in the absence of these syndromes is quite rare.

Ultrastaging of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) vs. non-SLNs in colorectal cancer--do we need both?

Background: The aim of this study to analyze whether ultrastaging of initially negative nonsentinel lymph nodes (non-SLNs) would increase nodal positivity in colon cancer and rectal cancer.

Methods: After SLN mapping (SLNM), SLNs were ultrastaged by 4 hematoxylin and eosin and 1 immunohistochemistry sections. A blinded pathologist reexamined initially negative non-SLNs by 3 additional hematoxylin and eosin and 1 immunohistochemistry sections.

Utility of a liquid-based, monolayer preparation in the evaluation of thyroid lesions by fine needle aspiration biopsy: comparison with the conventional smear method.

Objective: To retrospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy and cytomorphologic features of thyroid lesions on ThinPrep (TP) (Cytyc Corporation, Boxborough, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

VIP inhibits human HepG2 cell proliferation in vitro.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and often fatal neoplasm. HepG2 cells are a cell line derived from HCC. This investigation shows that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) inhibits HepG2 cell proliferation in vitro.

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: do community and academic physicians agree on diagnosis?

Rationale: Treatment and prognoses of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs) varies by diagnosis. Obtaining a uniform diagnosis among observers is difficult.

Objectives: Evaluate diagnostic agreement between academic and community-based physicians for patients with DPLDs, and determine if an interactive approach between clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists improved diagnostic agreement in community and academic centers.

A multicenter trial of sentinel lymph node mapping in colorectal cancer: prognostic implications for nodal staging and recurrence.

Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping (M) for staging in colorectal cancer (CRCa) remains controversial and needs to be validated. This study analyzes results of SLNM at a multi-institutional level for CRCa.

Methods: Group A patients underwent SLNM with 1 to 3 mL of 1% lymphazurin.

Sentinel lymph node mapping technique in colon cancer.

Current conventional surgical and pathological techniques substantially understage colon cancer. This is evidenced by the fact that a significant subset of patients who are stage I and II at the time of colectomy return with distant metastases and ultimately succumb to the disease within the next 5 years. The identification of more nodes within a specimen and the detailed analysis of lymph nodes with advanced pathological techniques such as immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can improve the staging of colon cancer, but are also associated with tremendous financial, time, and labor constraints.

HER-2/neu gene amplification in stages I-IV breast cancer detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization.

Purpose: Approximately 25-30% of breast and ovarian carcinomas have amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. The aim of the present study was to focus on HER-2/neu gene amplification in different clinical stages of breast cancer in order to (1) determine if fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) can be used to detect HER-2/neu gene amplification in different clinical stages of breast cancer, (2) establish whether HER-2/neu gene amplification characterizes a subset of breast cancer in each of these stages, and (3) determine whether a trend for correlation of amplification with the clinical stage of the disease can be detected using the FISH technology.

Methods: A total of 40 specimens of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues were analyzed cytogenetically, in a blinded fashion, for HER-2/neu gene amplification using FISH and the Vysis LSI HER-2/neu Orange and CEP 17 Green DNA dual color probe.

Predictors of Gleason pattern 4/5 prostate cancer on prostatectomy specimens: can high grade tumor be predicted preoperatively?

Purpose: Radical prostatectomy provides excellent cancer control in men with clinically localized prostate carcinoma. However, to our knowledge preoperative parameters for distinguishing indolent from clinically significant cancer are not well characterized. In fact, recent evidence suggests that the percent of Gleason pattern 4/5 carcinoma in the complete radical prostatectomy specimen is one of the strongest predictors of prostate cancer progression and a valid measure of cancer severity.

Benign prostatic glands at surgical margins of radical prostatectomy specimens: frequency and associated risk factors.

Objectives: Elevation of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer is considered a surrogate marker of therapeutic failure. The most likely explanation for early PSA failure is considered to be due to local recurrent disease, provided the patient had a nondetectable PSA level after radical prostatectomy. Others have recently suggested that benign prostatic glands located on the surgical margins may often lead to detectable PSA levels.

Whole mounted radical prostatectomy specimens do not increase detection of adverse pathological features.

Purpose: The optimal method to process radical prostatectomy specimens to maximize the detection of adverse pathological features is unclear and accurate staging is critical. We compare the ability of whole mounted sections to detect these features compared to partially submitted radical prostatectomy specimens.

Materials And Methods: A total of 93 consecutive radical prostatectomy specimens were processed as whole mounts.

Coordinate expression of cytokeratins 7 and 20 in prostate adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial carcinoma.

We studied the expression of cytokeratin (CK)-7 and CK-20 in prostate adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma and evaluated their usefulness for distinguishing high-grade forms of these tumors. We examined prostate adenocarcinoma in 59 radical prostatectomy specimens and in 10 autopsy specimens showing metastatic disease, and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in 28 cystectomy specimens. Immunohistochemical staining for CK-7, CK-20, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was performed on paraffin sections.

Relationship and significance of greatest percentage of tumor and perineural invasion on needle biopsy in prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and the biopsy Gleason sum are used along with clinical staging to predict prostatectomy pathology results for men with localized prostate cancer. The additional predictive value of perineural invasion (PNI) in pretreatment prostate needle biopsies for evaluating tumor stage in this setting is controversial. The current study evaluates the independent predictive value of PNI for tumor staging in a cohort of 632 men who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomies for clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate between the years 1994 and 1998.

Study of chromosome 12 copy number in breast cancer using fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Trisomy 12 is the most frequent numerical chromosomal abnormality reported in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Its significance in other cancers, however, has not been extensively investigated until recently. Less than 20 cases of polysomy for chromosome 12 have been studied thus far.

Expression of a highly conserved oncofetal gene, TA1/E16, in human colon carcinoma and other primary cancers: homology to Schistosoma mansoni amino acid permease and Caenorhabditis elegans gene products.

The peptides encoded by the rat liver oncofetal cDNA TA1 and the human lymphocyte activation gene E16 display a high degree of homology with coding regions recently identified in Schistosoma mansoni and Caenorhabditis elegans. Previous studies showed that up-regulation of TA1/ E16 expression was associated with rat hepatocarcinogenesis and human tumor cell lines; therefore, we analyzed several primary human tumors including a panel of 20 colon carcinomas to evaluate the relationship of TA1/E16 RNA and protein expression to neoplasia. A 4.

Intratubular spermatic granulomas of the canine efferent ductules.

Spermatic granulomas are inflammatory lesions that occur in the efferent ductule and epididymis of humans, goats, rats, and bulls. Three clinically normal dogs from a control group had histologic lesions of the initial segment of the caput epididymis consisting of intratubular spermatic granulomas. The granulomas were located within the efferent ductules, and the inflammatory response consisted primarily of aggregates of spermiophagic macrophages in the ductules.

Determinants of pregnancy outcome and newborn behavior of a semirural Egyptian population.

Several potential determinants of birth weight and neonatal behavioral organization, ie, maternal anthropometry, food intake (energy, protein, and plant- and animal-source foods), morbidity, and household socioeconomic status, were followed systematically in a semirural Egyptian population during greater than or equal to 6 mo of pregnancy. In early pregnancy mothers were generally normal weight to moderately overweight. Their mean energy intake, largely from plant sources, was approximately 8.

Vitamin B-6 status of Egyptian mothers: relation to infant behavior and maternal-infant interactions.

Functional consequences of marginal maternal vitamin B-6 status for behavior of the neonate and for mother-infant interactions at age 3-6 mo were assessed by a double-blind procedure. In 27 of 70 Egyptian village women studied, vitamin B-6 concentration of their milk was considered indicative of poor maternal vitamin B-6 nutriture. Neonatal behavior, quantified by the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, showed that consolability, appropriate build-up to a crying state, and response to aversive stimuli were significantly correlated with maternal vitamin B-6 nutriture.

The response of adult rats to varying combinations of dietary lysine and threonine.

The response of adult rats fed diets containing amino acid mixtures with varying combinations of lysine and threonine was studied by estimating the change in body weights, organ weights, total nitrogen content of organs and the concentration of free plasma lysine and threonine. Analysis of variance indicates a significant effect of threonine, lysine and a significant interaction due to feeding the two amino acids on the body weights, organ weights and total nitrogen content of various organs. Significant effect on the level of the plasma free amino acid was also shown as a result of feeding the particular amino acid.

Response of adult rats to lysine supplementation.

The response of adult rats to wheat flour protein fortified by addition of lysine was studied by utilizing the relative protein value (RPV) compared to non-fortified wheat flour. Lactalbumin was used as a standard protein. Fortification of wheat flour by 0.

Zinc, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in milk from American and Egyptian women throughout the first 6 months of lactation.

Effects of stage of lactation, nutrient intake, and cultural differences on the composition of human milk were examined during the first 6 mo of lactation in American and Egyptian women. In both population groups zinc levels in milk decreased from 1 to 6 months of lactation. American women supplemented with Zn had higher levels of Zn in their milk than did unsupplemented American or Egyptian women.

Nutritive value of meat-soy mixture.

The protein value of meat soy blend was evaluated by utilizing the net protein ratio (NPR), the relative protein value (RPV) and the serum urea content methods. It was compared with that of meat. Casein was used as a reference protein.

Nutritive value of some common Egyptian meals.

The protein quality of two common Egyptian meals namely lentils and "Koshari" was evaluated on rats by utilizing the net protein ratio (NPR), the relative protein value (RPV) and the serum urea content methods. Casein was used as a reference protein. The macro nutrient contents of the two meals are almost similar.