Introducing novel approaches for examining the variability of individuals' physical activity.

Tudor-Locke and colleagues previously assessed steps/day for 1 year. The aim of this study was to use this data set to introduce a novel approach for the investigation of whether individual's physical activity exhibits periodicity fluctuating round a mean and, if so, the degree of fluctuation and whether the mean changes over time. Twenty-three participants wore a pedometer for 365 days, recorded steps/day and whether the day was a workday.

Resolving anatomical and functional structure in human brain organization: identifying mesoscale organization in weighted network representations.

Human brain anatomy and function display a combination of modular and hierarchical organization, suggesting the importance of both cohesive structures and variable resolutions in the facilitation of healthy cognitive processes. However, tools to simultaneously probe these features of brain architecture require further development. We propose and apply a set of methods to extract cohesive structures in network representations of brain connectivity using multi-resolution techniques.

Subduction of the oceanic Hikurangi Plateau and its impact on the Kermadec arc.

Large igneous province subduction is a rare process on Earth. A modern example is the subduction of the oceanic Hikurangi Plateau beneath the southern Kermadec arc, offshore New Zealand. This segment of the arc has the largest total lava volume erupted and the highest volcano density of the entire Kermadec arc.

Estimating physical activity in youth using a wrist accelerometer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate methods for analyzing wrist accelerometer data in youth.

Methods: A total of 181 youth (mean ± SD; age, 12.0 ± 1.

Total Activity Counts and Bouted Minutes of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity: Relationships With Cardiometabolic Biomarkers Using 2003-2006 NHANES.

Purpose: To contrast associations of accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) accumulated in bouts and total activity counts (TAC) with cardiometabolic biomarkers in U.S. adults.

Accelerometer-based physical activity: total volume per day and standardized measures.

The use of accelerometers in physical activity (PA) research has increased exponentially over the past 20 yr. The first commercially available accelerometer for assessing PA, the Caltrac, was worn on the waist and estimated PA energy expenditure in kilocalories. Around 1995, the emphasis shifted to measuring minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), especially for bouts of 10 min or longer.

Validity of the Bite Counter device in a controlled laboratory setting.

Unlabelled: Body-borne sensors may be useful in assessing eating behaviors and have the potential to overcome some of the limitations of self-report instruments. The Bite Counter is a new commercial device, worn on the wrist that purports to track the number of bites taken per day. It contains a tri-axial accelerometer that detects an upward, arcing motion from the table to the mouth, known as a wrist roll.

A national study of social networks and perceptions of health among urban American Indian/Alaska Natives and non-Hispanic Whites.

Using data from The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, the strength of social networks and the association of self-reported health among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) were compared. Differences in social network-health relationships between AI/ANs and NHWs were also examined. For both groups, those with fewer network members were more likely to report fair or poor health than those with average or more network members, and persons with the fewest types of relationships had worse self-reported health than those with the average or very diverse types of relationships.

Intrinsic and task-evoked network architectures of the human brain.

Many functional network properties of the human brain have been identified during rest and task states, yet it remains unclear how the two relate. We identified a whole-brain network architecture present across dozens of task states that was highly similar to the resting-state network architecture. The most frequent functional connectivity strengths across tasks closely matched the strengths observed at rest, suggesting this is an "intrinsic," standard architecture of functional brain organization.

Waist-Worn Actigraphy: Population-Referenced Percentiles for Total Activity Counts in U.S. Adults.

Background: Accelerometer-derived total activity count is a measure of total physical activity (PA) volume. The purpose of this study was to develop age- and gender-specific percentiles for daily total activity counts (TAC), minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and minutes of light physical activity (LPA) in U.S.

Evaluation of ActiGraph's low-frequency filter in laboratory and free-living environments.

Unlabelled: The ActiGraph (AG) is the most commonly used research-grade physical activity monitor. Although several investigators have examined the effects of the "low-frequency extension" (LFE) on step counts in the free-living environment, a direct comparison with a valid criterion method is lacking. We sought to determine the accuracy of the AG's LFE to measure step counts during laboratory and free-living activities in two versions of the device (GT1M and GT3X).

Structurally-constrained relationships between cognitive states in the human brain.

The anatomical connectivity of the human brain supports diverse patterns of correlated neural activity that are thought to underlie cognitive function. In a manner sensitive to underlying structural brain architecture, we examine the extent to which such patterns of correlated activity systematically vary across cognitive states. Anatomical white matter connectivity is compared with functional correlations in neural activity measured via blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals.

Predicting energy expenditure through hand rim propulsion power output in individuals who use wheelchairs.

Aim: To examine the relationship between hand rim propulsion power and energy expenditure (EE) during wheelchair wheeling and to investigate whether adding other variables to the model could improve on the prediction of EE.

Methods: Individuals who use manual wheelchairs (n=14) performed five different wheeling activities in a wheelchair with a PowerTap power meter hub built into the right rear wheel. Activities included wheeling on a smooth, level surface at three different speeds (4.

Osseointegration of dental implants in 3D-printed synthetic onlay grafts customized according to bone metabolic activity in recipient site.

Onlay grafts made of monolithic microporous monetite bioresorbable bioceramics have the capacity to conduct bone augmentation. However, there is heterogeneity in the graft behaviour in vivo that seems to correlate with the host anatomy. In this study, we sought to investigate the metabolic activity of the regenerated bone in monolithic monetite onlays by using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in rats.

Cross-linked structure of network evolution.

We study the temporal co-variation of network co-evolution via the cross-link structure of networks, for which we take advantage of the formalism of hypergraphs to map cross-link structures back to network nodes. We investigate two sets of temporal network data in detail. In a network of coupled nonlinear oscillators, hyperedges that consist of network edges with temporally co-varying weights uncover the driving co-evolution patterns of edge weight dynamics both within and between oscillator communities.

Resolving structural variability in network models and the brain.

Large-scale white matter pathways crisscrossing the cortex create a complex pattern of connectivity that underlies human cognitive function. Generative mechanisms for this architecture have been difficult to identify in part because little is known in general about mechanistic drivers of structured networks. Here we contrast network properties derived from diffusion spectrum imaging data of the human brain with 13 synthetic network models chosen to probe the roles of physical network embedding and temporal network growth.

Novel primate miRNAs coevolved with ancient target genes in germinal zone-specific expression patterns.

Major nonprimate-primate differences in cortico-genesis include the dimensions, precursor lineages, and developmental timing of the germinal zones (GZs). microRNAs (miRNAs) of laser-dissected GZ compartments and cortical plate (CP) from embryonic E80 macaque visual cortex were deep sequenced. The CP and the GZ including ventricular zone (VZ) and outer and inner subcompartments of the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ) in area 17 displayed unique miRNA profiles.

Monitoring capabilities of the Omron HJ-720ITC pedometer.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to examine the monitoring capabilities of the Omron HJ-720ITC pedometer and determine the feasibility of using it in physical activity interventions.

Methods: Using data from an 8-week lifestyle-intervention study, we tested the capabilities of the pedometer for recording physical activity data. Data from a total of 28 subjects were used in our analysis.

Measuring and modeling behavioral decision dynamics in collective evacuation.

Identifying and quantifying factors influencing human decision making remains an outstanding challenge, impacting the performance and predictability of social and technological systems. In many cases, system failures are traced to human factors including congestion, overload, miscommunication, and delays. Here we report results of a behavioral network science experiment, targeting decision making in a natural disaster.

Cross-validation of waist-worn GENEA accelerometer cut-points.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the classification accuracy of the waist gravity estimator of normal everyday activity (GENEA) cut-points developed by Esliger et al. for predicting intensity categories across a range of lifestyle activities.

Methods: Each participant performed one of two routines, consisting of seven lifestyle activities (home/office, ambulatory, and sport).

School reform: the role of physical education policy in physical activity of elementary school children in Alabama's Black Belt Region.

Purpose: To investigate the implementation of state- and school-mandated physical education (PE) and physical activity policies on students' school-day physical activity behaviors.

Design: Observational, cross-sectional study.

Setting: Five elementary schools in rural Alabama.

Staged miRNA re-regulation patterns during reprogramming.

Background: MiRNAs often operate in feedback loops with transcription factors and represent a key mechanism for fine-tuning gene expression. In transcription factor-induced reprogramming, miRNAs play a critical role; however, detailed analyses of miRNA expression changes during reprogramming at the level of deep sequencing have not been previously reported.

Results: We use four factor reprogramming to induce pluripotent stem cells from mouse fibroblasts and isolate FACS-sorted Thy1- and SSEA1+ intermediates and Oct4-GFP+ induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).