Hemolymph microbiota and immune effectors' expressions driven by geographical rearing acclimation of the aquacultured Penaeus stylirostris.

Background: In holobiont, microbiota is known to play a central role on the health and immunity of its host. Then, understanding the microbiota, its dynamic according to the environmental conditions and its link to the immunity would help to react to potential dysbiosis of aquacultured species. While the gut microbiota is highly studied, in marine invertebrates the hemolymph microbiota is often set aside even if it remains an important actor of the hemolymph homeostasis.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in family farming goats from the Luracatao Valley, Salta, Argentina.

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections are important causes of abortion in ruminants. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and frequency of T. gondii and N.

Impact of Exercise Intensity on Cerebral BDNF Levels: Role of FNDC5/Irisin.

The positive effects of physical exercise (EX) are well known to be mediated by cerebral BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), a neurotrophin involved in learning and memory, the expression of which could be induced by circulating irisin, a peptide derived from Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) produced by skeletal muscle contraction. While the influence of EX modalities on cerebral BDNF expression was characterized, their effect on muscle FNDC5/Irisin expression and circulating irisin levels remains to be explored. The present study involved Wistar rats divided into four experimental groups: sedentary (SED), low- (40% of maximal aerobic speed, MAS), intermediate- (50% of MAS) and high- (70% of MAS) intensities of treadmill EX (30 min/day, 7 days).

Probiotics, gut microbiome, and cardiovascular diseases: An update.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the most challenging diseases and many factors have been demonstrated to affect their pathogenesis. One of the major factors that affect CVDs, especially atherosclerosis, is the gut microbiota (GM). Genetics play a key role in linking CVDs with GM, in addition to some environmental factors which can be either beneficial or harmful.

Zoonotic nematode in the city of La Plata, Argentina: Report of a case of Calodium hepaticum in Rattus rattus.

This study describes a case of Calodium hepaticum (Trichinellida: Capillariidae) infection in an adult rat (Rattus rattus) from the periurban area of the city of La Plata in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The rat was found with neurological signs (ataxia, lethargy, and episodes of unresponsiveness) in the food storage of a goat production facility. The liver was observed with hepatomegaly and diffuse and irregular yellowish-white spots appearing in striae or small nodules on the external surface and inside the liver.

Mechanistic and functional aspects of the Ruminococcin C sactipeptide isoforms.

In a scenario where the discovery of new molecules to fight antibiotic resistance is a public health concern, ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides constitute a promising alternative. In this context, the Gram-positive human gut symbiont E1 produces five sactipeptides, Ruminococcins C1 to C5 (RumC1-C5), co-expressed with two radical SAM maturases. RumC1 has been shown to be effective against various multidrug resistant Gram-positives clinical isolates.

[Serous fluid cytopathology : International system: Ancillary studies for serous fluids and special considerations for peritoneal washings].

The International System for serous fluids cytopathology is a cytologic classification which purpose is to establish a consensus on diagnostic terminology. The exponential discovery of prognostic and theranostic molecular alterations in many cancers, particularly in advanced stages, led the authors to describe the indications and the feasibility of these new markers on cytological samples from serous effusions. The various immunocytochemistry techniques, FISH and those testing DNA and RNA are reported in regard to their ability to identify the main targets currently explored in routine practice.

The chaperone system in cancer therapies: Hsp90.

The chaperone system (CS) of an organism is composed of molecular chaperones, chaperone co-factors, co-chaperones, and chaperone receptors and interactors. It is present throughout the body but with distinctive features for each cell and tissue type. Previous studies pertaining to the CS of the salivary glands have determined the quantitative and distribution patterns for several members, the chaperones, in normal and diseased glands, focusing on tumors.

[Serous fluid cytopathology: International system].

The International System for Serous Fluid Cytopathology is a cytologic classification which purpose is to establish a consensus on diagnostic terminology. Five diagnostic categories are proposed associated to an increased rate of malignancy and specific cytological criteria. The categories are reported as: (I) Non-diagnostic (ND), the cells are insufficient for interpretation; (II) Negative for malignancy (NFM), only benign cells are present; (III) Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), the cells present mild atypia more likely to be benign, but a malignant process cannot be definitively excluded; (IV) Suspicious for malignancy (SFM), the cells are present with atypia or in a number suspect of malignancy but with insufficient ancillary studies to give a positive malignant diagnosis; (V) Malignant (MAL), the cytological criteria are absolutely and definitively malignant.

Are there universal soil responses to cover cropping? A systematic review.

Cover cropping is commonly acknowledged to promote soil health in agriculture. However, contradictory findings on the benefits of cover crops for soil health, crop productivity, economic and ecological factors, as well as the influence of inherent soil parameters on such benefits exist in the scientific literature. Here, we critically assessed evidence of cover crop benefits through a systematic review of the published literature.

The Chaperone System in Salivary Glands: Hsp90 Prospects for Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Tumors.

Salivary gland tumors represent a serious medical problem and new tools for differential diagnosis and patient monitoring are needed. Here, we present data and discuss the potential of molecular chaperones as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, focusing on Hsp10 and Hsp90. The salivary glands are key physiological elements but, unfortunately, the information and the means available for the management of their pathologies, including cancer, are scarce.

Heat Shock Proteins Alterations in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease characterized by the attack of the immune system on the body's healthy joint lining and degeneration of articular structures. This disease involves an increased release of inflammatory mediators in the affected joint that sensitize sensory neurons and create a positive feedback loop to further enhance their release. Among these mediators, the cytokines and neuropeptides are responsible for the crippling pain and the persistent neurogenic inflammation associated with RA.

Molecular Mechanisms Leading from Periodontal Disease to Cancer.

Periodontitis is prevalent in half of the adult population and raises critical health concerns as it has been recently associated with an increased risk of cancer. While information about the topic remains somewhat scarce, a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanistic pathways promoting neoplasia in periodontitis patients is of fundamental importance. This manuscript presents the literature as well as a panel of tables and figures on the molecular mechanisms of and , two main oral pathogens in periodontitis pathology, involved in instigating tumorigenesis.

Integrative Metabolomics Reveals Deep Tissue and Systemic Metabolic Remodeling in Glioblastoma.

(1) Background: Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Its etiology remains unknown in most cases. Glioblastoma pathogenesis consists of a progressive infiltration of the white matter by tumoral cells leading to progressive neurological deficit, epilepsy, and/or intracranial hypertension.

Hsp27 and Hsp60 in human submandibular salivary gland: Quantitative patterns in healthy and cancerous tissues with potential implications for differential diagnosis and carcinogenesis.

Tumors of the submandibular salivary gland (SMG) are uncommon but sufficiently frequent for the physician to consider them in routine examinations and for the pathologist to be prepared to differentiate them from other tissue abnormalities. However, scarcity of specimens makes training difficult, a situation compounded by the lack of accepted universal diagnostic guidelines. Furthermore, there is little information on the chaperone system (CS) of the gland, despite the increasing evidence of its participation in carcinogenesis as a biomarker for diagnosis and patient follow up, and in the mechanisms by which the tumor cells thrive.

Feasibility of comprehensive genotyping specimens from radial endobronchial ultrasonography and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy.

Introduction: Mini-invasive bronchoscopic techniques (such as radial endobronchial ultrasonography (rEBUS) and electromagnetic navigation (EMN)) have been developed to reach the peripheral lung but result in small samples. The feasibility of an adequate molecular testing from these specimens has been very little studied.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed EMN and rEBUS procedures performed in patients diagnosed with lung cancer in our institution in 2017 and 2018.

Salivary gland proteins alterations in the diabetic milieu.

Salivary glands are considered the chief exocrine glands of the mouth and physiologically contribute to the maintenance of the homeostasis of the oral cavity. They consist of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands, which come in pairs and are collectively called the major glands, and the minor glands, which are much smaller and are dispersed throughout the buccal cavity. Salivary glands are distinguished by their size, amount of saliva secretion and their location in the oral cavity.

Dual RNAseq highlights the kinetics of skin microbiome and fish host responsiveness to bacterial infection.

Background: Tenacibaculum maritimum is a fish pathogen known for causing serious damage to a broad range of wild and farmed marine fish populations worldwide. The recently sequenced genome of T. maritimum strain NCIMB 2154 provided unprecedented information on the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the virulence of this species.

Dynamic Energy Budget model suggests feeding constraints and physiological stress in black-lip pearl oysters, 5 years post mass-mortality event.

Mass-mortality events of marine species can disturb the structure of communities. While identifying the causes of mass-mortality events is crucial for implementing recovery strategies, monitoring is challenging in remote locations. Black-lip pearl oysters (Pinctada margaritifera) are farmed for producing black pearls within remote atolls of French Polynesia.

The Multifunctional Sactipeptide Ruminococcin C1 Displays Potent Antibacterial Activity In Vivo as Well as Other Beneficial Properties for Human Health.

The world is on the verge of a major antibiotic crisis as the emergence of resistant bacteria is increasing, and very few novel molecules have been discovered since the 1960s. In this context, scientists have been exploring alternatives to conventional antibiotics, such as ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Interestingly, the highly potent in vitro antibacterial activity and safety of ruminococcin C1, a recently discovered RiPP belonging to the sactipeptide subclass, has been demonstrated.

Lactobacillus stress protein GroEL prevents colonic inflammation.

Background: We previously showed that supernatants of Lactobacillus biofilms induced an anti-inflammatory response by affecting the secretion of macrophage-derived cytokines, which was abrogated upon immunodepletion of the stress protein GroEL.

Methods: We purified GroEL from L. reuteri and analysed its anti-inflammatory properties in vitro in human macrophages isolated from buffy coats, ex vivo in explants from human biopsies and in vivo in a mouse model of DSS induced intestinal inflammation.