Impacts of health expenditures and environmental degradation on health status-Disability-adjusted life years and infant mortality.

Introduction: Human health and well-being are intimately related to environmental quality. In this respect, the present study contributes to the existing health economic literature by examining whether public and private health expenditures (PPHE) moderate the incidences of environmental degradation on the health status in Saudi Arabia, particularly disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and infant mortality.

Methods: Using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method.

Green economy performance and sustainable development achievement: empirical evidence from Saudi Arabia.

As a pillar of United Nations, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia pursues to greener its economy and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda. The green economy represents a catalyzer for sustainable development in its three dimensions -economic, social and environmental- aiming to improve human well-being and social equity and reduce environmental risks. However, the relevant previous studies lacked the role of green economy on sustainable development for the Saudi Arabia.

The role of green energy deployment and economic growth in carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from the Chinese economy.

After reform and opening-up, rapid industrialization and urbanization led to environmental degradation in China, including excessive energy consumption, soil contamination, and water pollution. Toward sustainable development, the Chinese government has promoted the introduction of clean energy sources such as geothermal and hydroelectric power generation, which have reduced the environmental burden. However, the impact of this energy shift on environmental improvement and economic growth is unclear.

Environmental quality, healthcare and research and development in Saudi Arabia.

While global warming and climate change associated with increasing carbon dioxide are widely seen to be one of the most serious worldwide dangers to population health, little is known regarding "how" country alters the linkage between increasing CO2 emissions and population health outcomes. Current literature on the health effects of CO2 emissions recommends various factors that may establish a more robust link, including health expenditure and research and development. Therefore, the purpose of this inquiry is to examine the effectiveness of health expenditure and R&D in improving health outcomes through reducing CO2 emissions.

Understanding the relationship between electric power consumption, technological transfer, financial development and environmental quality.

This research paper attempts to investigate both the long-run and causality relationship among electric power consumption (EPC), technological transfer, financial development (FD), and environmental quality for the Saudi Arabia (KSA) economy from 1980 to 2019. In doing so, we propose a carbon emission function tested by incorporating multi-steps techniques such as autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) has been exploited to determine the existence of cointegration or no; while vector error correction model (VECM) has been applied to decide the direction of causality. In this paper we have proposed two proxies of technological transfer, namely imported technology (MT) and Technical cooperation grants (TCG).

Does good governance moderate the financial development-CO emissions relationship?

This inquiry contributes to the previous literature by analyzing the empirical linkage between the development of the financial sector and carbon emissions in the presence of good governance. Specifically, we examine the ability of good governance in moderating the negative effect of financial development on environmental quality in Saudi Arabia over the period 1996-2016. Different indicators of financial development and governance quality are included in the analysis.