Physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding practices of male and female surgical sterilization procedures in Lebanon.

Objective: Surgical sterilization, including vasectomy in males and tubal ligation in females, is a highly effective but underutilized contraception method. Adoption rates vary globally mostly due to misconceptions by both the general public and practicing physicians. Our survey aims to explore physicians' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about surgical sterilization techniques in Lebanon.

Cystic dysplasia of the rete testis in adulthood: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Rete testis dysplasia is a cystic anomaly arising from the rete testis presenting normally in the pediatric population. These cases usually regress spontaneously without the need for surgical intervention. There are rare, reported cases of rete testis dysplasia in adulthood, which have been managed surgically.

Are urologists underrepresented on fertility clinic websites? A web-based analysis.

Introduction: Infertile couples frequently utilize the Internet to find various reproductive clinics and research their alternatives. Patients are increasingly using self-referral because of online information on health-care providers. The objective is to compare the image of infertility specialists to other team members on the websites of reproductive clinics.

infection of the penis: an unusual infection.

Background: Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile organism, found in the environment and may exist in contaminated food sources such as reheated rice, vegetables and may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms after ingestion including diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting due to enterotoxigenic and emetic toxins. Non-gastrointestinal infections of have been reported in the literature, which include cutaneous and non-cutaneous infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.

Urethral meatus edema with peno-scrotal edema in a patient with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia major.

Urethral meatus edema is a rare finding and may infer a more severe form of volume overload. Management of patients with thalassemia vary in terms of the severity of the kidney injury due to transfusion, chronicity, and severity of volume overload.

Epidemiology and composition of nephrolithiasis in a Lebanese tertiary care center: A descriptive study.

Introduction: Nephrolithiasis is a common affliction with a prevalence of 12% in men and 7% in women. The incidence rate diverges with geographic location. Arab countries report high nephrolithiasis prevalence rates, with Saudi Arabia being the highest (20.

Prevalence of Y-chromosomal microdeletions and karyotype abnormalities in a cohort of Lebanese infertile men.

Background: Male infertility is the main issue that accounts for 50% of infertility in couples. There are about 25% of men suffering from nonobstructive infertility with chromosomal abnormalities and/or microdeletions of the long arm of the Y-chromosome.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 241 men who performed Y-chromosome microdeletions and karyotype testing.

Outcomes of active surveillance for clinically localized prostate cancer in a middle eastern tertiary care center.

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome of active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer for a cohort of patients at our institution.

Methods: A total of 43 patients with low risk prostate cancer were enrolled in an active surveillance pilot program at our institution between 2008 and 2018. Follow up protocols included: periodic prostate specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE), multiparametric MRI, and prostate biopsy at one year.

Management of patients with high-risk and advanced prostate cancer in the Middle East: resource-stratified consensus recommendations.

Purpose: Prostate cancer care in the Middle East is highly variable and access to specialist multidisciplinary management is limited. Academic tertiary referral centers offer cutting-edge diagnosis and treatment; however, in many parts of the region, patients are managed by non-specialists with limited resources. Due to many factors including lack of awareness and lack of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, a high percentage of men present with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer at diagnosis.

Phase I Clinical Trial of Everolimus Combined with Trimodality Therapy in Patients with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Local control following trimodality therapy (TMT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) requires further optimization. Evaluating the biologic endpoint, feasibility, and toxicity of integrating everolimus to TMT in patients with MIBC. This was a phase I trial in patients with MIBC who were not surgical candidates or who refused cystectomy.

Overview of Dietary Supplements in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer is a key health concern for men with its etiology still under investigation. Recently, the role of dietary supplements has been noted to have a major inhibitory effect on prostate cancer and numerous studies have been conducted in this regard. This review provides a summary on numerous recent studies conducted in this field.

Cocaine Use in the Infertile Male Population: A Marker for Conditions Resulting in Subfertility.

Introduction: We sought to evaluate the incidence and effect of cocaine use in the infertile male population.

Materials And Methods: Men presenting for fertility evaluation reporting cocaine usage were identified via prospectively collected database. Data were analyzed for usage patterns, reproductive history, associated drug use and medical conditions, hormonal and semen parameters.

Are Canadian urology residency programs fulfilling the Royal College expectations?: A survey of graduated chief residents.

Introduction: We assess outgoing Canadian urology chief residents' well-being, their satisfaction with their surgical training, and their proficiency in surgical procedures throughout their residency program.

Methods: In 2012 an anonymous survey was sent by email to all 29 graduated urology chief residents across Canada. The survey included a list of all urologic surgical procedures listed by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC).

Contemporary cost-effectiveness analysis comparing sequential bacillus Calmette-Guerin and electromotive mitomycin versus bacillus Calmette-Guerin alone for patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Background: Sequential bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and electromotive mitomycin (sequential therapy) have been shown in a randomized prospective trial to be superior to therapy with BCG alone in patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The objective of the current study was to compare the costs and benefits of these 2 treatment strategies by performing a 5-year and 10-year cost-effectiveness study.

Methods: A Markov model was developed to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio over a 5-year and 10-year period.

Effect of body mass index on the outcomes of patients with upper and lower urinary tract cancers treated by radical surgery: results from a Canadian multicenter collaboration.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the outcomes of patients with urinary tract carcinoma treated with radical surgery.

Materials And Methods: Data were collected from 10 Canadian centers on patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) (1998-2008) or radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) (1990-2010). Various parameters among subsets of patients (BMI < 25, 25 ≤ BMI < 30, and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) were analyzed.

Does transperitoneal minimally invasive radical prostatectomy increase the amount of small bowel receiving salvage radiation?

Introduction: Transperitoneal minimally invasive radical prostatectomy (MIRP) has become first choice for several urologists and patients dealing with localized prostate cancer. We evaluate the effect of postoperative radiation on the small bowel in patients who underwent extraperitoneal open versus transperitoneal MIRP.

Methods: We reviewed all patients who received postoperative radiation from 2006 to 2010.

Infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic conditions resulting in male infertility.

This article provides an overview of infectious and inflammatory conditions associated with male infertility. These conditions may affect several components of the male reproductive tract and therefore have the ability to potentially alter sperm function. The effect of these conditions on male fertility is poorly understood and often underestimated.

Regional differences in practice patterns and outcomes in patients treated with radical cystectomy in a universal healthcare system.

Introduction: Our objective is to assess differences in practice patterns and outcomes across 3 regions in bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy under a universal healthcare system.

Methods: In total, we included 2287 patients treated with radical cystectomy at 8 Canadian centres from 1998 to 2008. Variables included various clinico-pathologic parameters, recurrence, and death stratified into different regions.

Human resource assessment of academic urology across Canada: What are the future job prospects?

Introduction: Our objective was to capture an overview of anticipated staffing needs at Canadian urology academic centres over the next 5 years to help guide and counsel urology residents in their respective programs.

Methods: A 30-question survey was sent by email to all chairmen of academic urology divisions/departments during fall 2012. The first part of the survey solicited basic demographic information regarding number of residents, number of fellows and fellowships, and number of attending staff and affiliated hospitals.

Urinary diversions: advantages and disadvantages of the major types of diversions.

Purpose Of Review: There is an ongoing debate concerning the optimal choice of urinary diversion following bladder extirpative surgery. Among others, several factors including patient preferences, age, sex and baseline renal function play an important role in the ultimate decision. This review describes the major types of urinary diversions performed, outlining the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Demographic analysis of randomized controlled trials in bladder cancer.

Unlabelled: WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Results from well designed randomized controlled trials usually provide the strongest evidence possible in favour of one medical intervention over another. For this reason, it is of paramount importance to conduct such trials in bladder cancer, where randomized trials are lacking, in particular to answer questions that have so far confounded us or to investigate the efficacy of new diagnostic tools or interventions. This study provides a demographic analysis of randomized controlled trials published in bladder cancer between the years of 1995 and 2010, with only 238 articles identified.

Efficacy of instillations with chemotherapy or immunotherapy following endoscopic resection for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Although nephroureterectomy with a bladder cuff remains the gold-standard approach to upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), the relative ease by which local control can be achieved for non-muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma keeps prompting us to look into less radical and invasive methods of treating UTUC. The success of transurethral bladder tumor resection followed by intravesical therapy in controlling noninvasive bladder cancer has been firmly established. However, owing to the scarcity of patients with UTUC, there are only a few reports on the efficacy of percutaneous or endoscopic resection followed by instillation with chemotherapy or immunotherapy for UTUC, most of which have extrapolated data from bladder cancer in deciding on treatment regimens.