Post-activation performance enhancement does not occur following a large hand-paddles and parachute-resisted warm-up routine in collegiate swimmers.

Our aim was to investigate if using a warm-up routine that included parachute-resisted sprints with large hand-paddles improves 50 m freestyle performance in trained collegiate swimmers. Twelve swimmers (23.9 ± 2.

Gut-Brain Coupling and Multilevel Physiological Response to Biofeedback Relaxation After a Stressful Task Under Virtual Reality Immersion: A Pilot Study.

Human physiological reactions to the environment are coordinated by the interactions between brain and viscera. In particular, the brain, heart, and gastrointestinal tract coordinate with each other to provide physiological equilibrium by involving the central, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Recent studies have demonstrated an electrophysiological coupling between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain (gut-brain axis) under resting-state conditions.

Consumption of An Anthocyanin-Rich Antioxidant Juice Accelerates Recovery of Running Economy and Indirect Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Following Downhill Running.

This study examined the effects of anthocyanin-rich antioxidant juice (AJ) on the recovery of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and the running economy (RE) following downhill running (DHR). Thirty healthy young men were randomly divided into two blinded groups and consumed either AJ or placebo (PLA) for nine days (240 mL twice-a-day). On day 5, the participants from both groups ran downhill (-15%) for 30 min at 70% of their maximal oxygen uptake (VOmax) speeds.

Isometric pre-conditioning blunts exercise-induced muscle damage but does not attenuate changes in running economy following downhill running.

Running economy (RE) is impaired following unaccustomed eccentric-biased exercises that induce muscle damage. It is also known that muscle damage is reduced when maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) are performed at a long muscle length 2-4 days prior to maximal eccentric exercise with the same muscle, a phenomenon that can be described as isometric pre-conditioning (IPC). We tested the hypothesis that IPC could attenuate muscle damage and changes in RE following downhill running.

Exercise tolerance during muscle contractions below and above the critical torque in different muscle groups.

The objective of this study was to test the hypotheses that end-test torque (ET) (expressed as % maximal voluntary contraction; MVC) is higher for plantar flexors (PF) than knee extensors (KE) muscles, whereas impulse above ET (IET) is higher for KE than PF. Thus, we expected that exercise tolerance would be longer for KE than PF only during the exercise performed above ET. After the determination of MVC, 40 men performed two 5-min all-out tests to determine ET and IET.

Relationship Between Fatigue and Changes in Swim Technique During an Exhaustive Swim Exercise.

Purpose: To analyze the relationship between the responses of isometric peak torque (IPT) and maximal rate of force development (RFDmax) with the changes in stroking parameters in an exhaustive exercise performed in front crawl.

Methods: Fifteen male swimmers performed, on different days, the following protocols: maximal 400-m trial, strength tests before and after an exhaustive test at 100% of the mean speed obtained during the 400-m test, and the same procedures on day 2.

Results: The IPT of elbow flexors (79.

[Disciplinar thematic integration in medicine: a proposal from histology and embryology].

This paper intends to clarify a concept with multiple meanings and a complex reality. It starts providing varied histological and embryological examples apt to contribute the stimulation of teacher and student imaginations in favor of a crucial skill, as thematic integration is, into the present and changing curricula in Medicine in particular and Health Sciences in general. In this sense, it offers linear and branched sequences as well as consolidation graphics which focusing in both disciplines may also include other basic ones, key for clinic diagnosis, among the competences to be developed.

[Sensitization and oral challenge with ovoalbumin in an animal model of food allergy].

Background: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is mainly formed by the gut mucosa and associated lymphatic structures that under normal conditions induces hyporesponsiveness, a phenomenon termed oral tolerance. However, the potential brakeup of oral tolerance could otherwise lead to disorders such as food allergy.

Objective: The aim of the study is to characterise the histopathological and immunohistochemical modifications in intestinal gut mucosa in an animal model of food allergy.

Montelukast treatment (cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist) in a model of food allergy: modifications in lymphatic cell population from rectal mucosa.

Objective: The aim is to determine immunopathological modifications in rectal mucosa from rabbits after local challenge in ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized animals previously treated with montelukast.

Experimental Design: thirty two rabbits divided into four groups: G1: normal; G2: subcutaneously OVA sensitized; G3: sensitized, locally OVA challenged and sampled 4 hours after challenge; and G4: sensitized, locally OVA challenged and treated 4 hours before challenge with montelukast (0.15 mg/kg).

[Geriatric medical education: an unclosed loop].

Aged population needs competent physicians. This communication studies geriatric medical teaching, intention of first and fourth year students for specializing in Geriatrics and their opinion about its relevance and curricular setting. Curricula from 10 public and 16 private medical schools were analyzed.

[Pedagocic and didactic renovation for histology and embryology learning. A 15 years experience].

This paper describes the pedagogical and didactical renovation carried out between 1986 y 2001 in the Cathedra of Histology and Embryology (Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Rosario). This process, initiated with pilot tests during early 70s and a full length paper in late 70s, was centered in differential activities performed by teachers and students, being adapted to the massive and no restricted admission during that period (2000 +/- 500 students). The design included individual and/or group management of self-learning and self-evaluation modules, training laboratories in microscopic diagnosis using protocols similar to clinical records, problem-solving sessions and theoretical sessions of consult and relearning, placed at the end of the aforesaid learning situations.

Sensitization increases esterase-positive macrophage number in appendix from an animal model of food allergy.

Background: Macrophages are mononuclear cells with phagocytic and antigen presenting properties. The role of macrophages in IgE-dependent allergic reactions and oral tolerance remains unclear. In previous works we demonstrated that ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rabbits present histopathological modifications of the mucosa in different regions of the digestive tract.

[Forgetfulness of the histology curriculum in medical students].

Unlabelled: MEMORY: ability to record, file, classify and later recover of information., essential in processing information and learning, in analogy with a computer. FORGETFULNESS: failure to transfer information from short term memory to long term memory or to recover information from the latter.

Immunopathological modifications in the rectal mucosa from an animal model of food allergy.

Aim: The aim is to determine immunopathological modifications in rectal mucosa from rabbit after local challenge in sensitized animals with ovalbumin (OVA).

Experimental Design: Thirty rabbits divided into three groups: G1: normal, G2: subcutaneously OVA sensitized, G3: sensitized, locally OVA challenged and sampled 4 hours after challenge. Specific anti-OVA IgE levels were evaluated by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test (PCA).

[CD11b-positive cells expression in rectal mucosa from ovalbumin sensitized and challenged rabbits].

Rabbit MAC-1 receptor, homologue to human CD11b is present in macrophages. The aim of the study was to determine quantitative and distributive modifications of CD11b-positive cells that participate in immune response at rectal mucosa, in an animal model of mucosal immunity. New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups.

[Biological model for detection of food antigens].

Antigenic macromolecules present in food can induce inflammatory allergic reaction in sensitized persons. The aim of the present work is the development of an animal model to detect food antigens based on hypersensitivity reaction after food ingestion. New Zealand rabbits were divided in 5 groups.

[Enteroendocrine cells modifications in Helicobacter pylori gastritis].

Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the modifications in the number and distribution of enteroendocrine cells (EEC) in antrum of patients with Helicobacter pylori (HE) gastritis. We also wanted to demonstrate their possible participation in the immune response.

Material And Methods: Twenty-six (26) biopsies of gastric antrum from patients between the ages of 40 and 60 were used.

[Intraepithelial enteroendocrine cells in cecum and appendix from ovoalbumin sensitized rabbits].

Intraepithelial enteroendocrine cells (IEC) produce peptides which influence motility, secretion and absorption of nutrients. Recently the role of these cells in the immune mucosal system is under study. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the modifications in number of IEC in cecum and appendix from Ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized rabbits.

[Intraepithelial T cell population in ileum from ovalbumin sensitized rabbit].

We characterize the intraepithelial T cell population of terminal ileum from intraperitoneally OVA-sensitized New Zealand rabbit after oral challenge. High anti-OVA specific IgE levels elicited after sensitization were evaluated by positive passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) at 160 fold dilutions. Anaphylactic response in gut after the oral challenge was confirmed by evaluation of edema in villi and marked mast cell degranulatin.

[Erroneous extrapolation as a frequent defect in medical students].

Scientific aptitude development, useful for methodic management of information, is indispensable for teaching and learning, investigation, medical practice and customary life. Correct extrapolation is one of its components. This work deals with appropriate use of extrapolation among medical students.

[Design, evaluation and application of a model for evaluating the cognitive abilities related to scientific aptitude in medical students].

A model for evaluating the cognitive ability related to scientific aptitude consisting of 10 different problems is presented. The design conditions, validity and the application of the model to selected second year Medical students as well as randomly chosen first, third and sixth year students are described. The authors record and analyze global results as well as the results of individual or group of problems, concluding on the validity and fiability of the model as well as on the detection of failures in student's performances inspite of the effort made.

[Innovative approach of teaching-learning of histology and embriology].

The paper presents an innovative approach to the teaching-learning of histology and embryology. The traditional teaching of the subject in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Rosario National University, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina, up to 1974 is subjected to critical analysis, and on this basis the need for the innovation is propounded and the method for applying it proposed. A detailed account is given of the theoretical framework of the experiment reported, of the general and specific objectives of the teaching-learning technique, and of the thematic units into which the curriculum was divided.