Effects of norepinephrine infusion during cardiopulmonary bypass on perioperative changes in lactic acid level (Norcal).

Introduction: Hyperlactatemia, a problem reported in up to 30% of cardiac surgery patients, results from excessive production of or decreased clearance of lactate. It is typically a symptom of tissue hypoperfusion and may be associated with the prevalence of postoperative acute mesenteric ischemia and renal failure, or prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, and increased 30-day mortality.

Methods And Measurements: Eighty cardiac surgery patients using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomly assigned into either a placebo (n = 39) or norepinephrine 0.

Individualizing Therapy in CIDP: A Mini-Review Comparing the Pharmacokinetics of Ig With SCIg and IVIg.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy is a first-line treatment for CIDP, which can be administered intravenously (IVIg) or subcutaneously (SCIg) and is often required long term. The differences between these modes of administration and how they can affect dosing strategies and treatment optimization need to be understood. In general, the efficacy of IVIg and SCIg appear comparable in CIDP, but SCIg may offer some safety and quality of life advantages to some patients.

Maternal inflammation leads to impaired glutamate homeostasis and up-regulation of glutamate carboxypeptidase II in activated microglia in the fetal/newborn rabbit brain.

Astrocyte dysfunction and excessive activation of glutamatergic systems have been implicated in a number of neurologic disorders, including periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and cerebral palsy (CP). However, the role of chorioamnionitis on glutamate homeostasis in the fetal and neonatal brains is not clearly understood. We have previously shown that intrauterine endotoxin administration results in intense microglial 'activation' and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in the periventricular region (PVR) of the neonatal rabbit brain.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease variants-classification, clinical, and genetic features and rational diagnostic evaluation.

Inherited neuropathies are among the most prevalent inherited neurologic disorders, and with current advances in molecular biology and genetic testing, the clinical spectrum of phenotype/genotype has been expanding enormously. Genetic testing is nowadays commercially available to several subtypes although many remain because of unknown genetic defect. A stepwise rational approach, which is shown in , facilitates reaching a specific diagnosis and reduces the cost.