Mental and behavioral health problems among displaced Myanmar adults exhibiting suboptimal adherence to chronic disease medication treatment in Thailand.

Background: People living with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension and diabetes are at high risk for mental health and psychosocial problems. These problems, in turn, can lead to social isolation, lower quality of life, greater health needs, and poorer health outcomes. The prevalence of NCDs is rising in humanitarian settings, where residents are already at an increased risk of mental health problems due to trauma and stressful living conditions.

A case study of the development of a valid and pragmatic implementation science measure: the Barriers and Facilitators in Implementation of Task-Sharing Mental Health interventions (BeFITS-MH) measure.

Background: Few implementation science (IS) measures have been evaluated for validity, reliability and utility - the latter referring to whether a measure captures meaningful aspects of implementation contexts. We present a real-world case study of rigorous measure development in IS that assesses Barriers and Facilitators in Implementation of Task-Sharing in Mental Health services (BeFITS-MH), with the objective of offering lessons-learned and a framework to enhance measurement utility.

Methods: We summarize conceptual and empirical work that informed the development of the BeFITS-MH measure, including a description of the Delphi process, detailed translation and local adaptation procedures, and concurrent pilot testing.

A cutaneous sensory nerve schwannoma occluding the external auditory canal.

Schwannomas are benign tumours derived from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheaths. A schwannoma arising in the external auditory canal (EAC) is rare, with few cases reported in the literature. These tumours present a unique challenge and should be considered when patients present with persistent ear symptoms in the absence of common otological pathology.

Low Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Levels During Maintenance Phase Are Associated With Treatment Failure in Children With Crohn's Disease.

Background: Higher drug levels and combination therapy with low-dose oral methotrexate (LD-MTX) may reduce anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment failure in pediatric Crohn's disease. We sought to (1) evaluate whether combination therapy with LD-MTX was associated with higher anti-TNF levels, (2) evaluate associations between anti-TNF levels and subsequent treatment failure, and (3) explore the effect of combination therapy on maintenance of remission among patients with therapeutic drug levels (>5 µg/mL for infliximab and >7.5 µg/mL for adalimumab).

Indocyanine green near infrared fluorescent imaging and its potential role in peripheral nerve repair.

This case series describes the successful use of indocyanine green dye and near infrared fluorescence imaging in primary peripheral nerve repair.

Exploring the utility of ultrasound to assess disuse atrophy in different muscles of the lower leg.

Background: Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue crucial for many functions associated with whole-body health across the life course. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current gold standard for measuring skeletal muscle size. However, MRI is expensive, and access to facilities is often limited.

Misaligned feeding uncouples daily rhythms within brown adipose tissue and between peripheral clocks.

Extended food consumption during the rest period perturbs the phase relationship between circadian clocks in the periphery and the brain, leading to adverse health effects. Beyond the liver, how metabolic organs respond to a timed hypocaloric diet is largely unexplored. We investigated how feeding schedules impacted circadian gene expression in epididymal white and brown adipose tissue (eWAT and BAT) compared to the liver and hypothalamus.

Clinicopathologic Dissociation: Robust Lafora Body Accumulation in Malin KO Mice Without Observable Changes in Home-Cage Behavior.

Lafora disease (LD) is a syndrome of progressive myoclonic epilepsy and cumulative neurocognitive deterioration caused by recessively inherited genetic lesions of EPM2A (laforin) or NHLRC1 (malin). Neuropsychiatric symptomatology in LD is thought to be directly downstream of neuronal and astrocytic polyglucosan aggregates, termed Lafora bodies (LBs), which faithfully accumulate in an age-dependent manner in all mouse models of LD. In this study, we applied home-cage monitoring to examine the extent of neurobehavioral deterioration in a model of malin-deficient LD as a means to identify robust preclinical endpoints that may guide the selection of novel genetic treatments.

Tipping the scales for global mental health: A summary of the Presidential Panel at the 39th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.

In the past decade, there has been an increasing focus within scientific research on how to assist people affected by the negative consequences of trauma and crises around the globe. As many countries struggle with a lack of resources to deliver mental health interventions, scalable strategies have been developed to help more people in need. These scalable strategies were the theme of the 39th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS).

Ultrasensitive plasma-based monitoring of tumor burden using machine-learning-guided signal enrichment.

In solid tumor oncology, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is poised to transform care through accurate assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) and therapeutic response monitoring. To overcome the sparsity of ctDNA fragments in low tumor fraction (TF) settings and increase MRD sensitivity, we previously leveraged genome-wide mutational integration through plasma whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Here we now introduce MRD-EDGE, a machine-learning-guided WGS ctDNA single-nucleotide variant (SNV) and copy-number variant (CNV) detection platform designed to increase signal enrichment.

Mitochondria regulate proliferation in adult cardiac myocytes.

Newborn mammalian cardiomyocytes quickly transition from a fetal to an adult phenotype that utilizes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation but loses mitotic capacity. We tested whether forced reversal of adult cardiomyocytes back to a fetal glycolytic phenotype would restore proliferative capacity. We deleted Uqcrfs1 (mitochondrial Rieske iron-sulfur protein, RISP) in hearts of adult mice.

Exploring Comprehension Strategies of Modular Process Models: A Combined Eye-Tracking and Concurrent Think-Aloud Study.

The study of complex process models often encounters challenges in terms of comprehensibility. This paper explores using modularization as a strategy to mitigate such challenges, notably the reduction in complexity. Previous research has delved into the comprehensibility of modularized process models, yet an unresolved question about the cognitive factors at play during their comprehension still needs to be answered.

Application of the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model: A Scoping Review.

The Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) Model is one of several occupation-based models in occupational therapy. The model describes the transactional nature of person, environment, and occupation factors that support performance (doing), participation (engagement), and well-being (health and quality of life). The purpose of this study was to explore the extent and nature of evidence on the PEOP Model.

A Case Study of the Development of a Valid and Pragmatic Implementation Science Measure: The Barriers and Facilitators in Implementation of Task-Sharing Mental Health Interventions (BeFITS-MH) Measure.

Background: Few implementation science (IS) measures have been evaluated for validity, reliability and - the latter referring to whether a measure captures meaningful aspects of implementation contexts. In this case study, we describe the process of developing an IS measure that aims to assess arrirs and acilitators in mplementation of ask-haring in ental ealth services (BeFITS-MH), and the procedures we implemented to enhance its utility.

Methods: We summarize conceptual and empirical work that informed the development of the BeFITS-MH measure, including a description of the Delphi process, detailed translation and local adaptation procedures, and concurrent pilot testing.

Interorgan rhythmicity as a feature of healthful metabolism.

The finding that animals with circadian gene mutations exhibit diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome with hypoinsulinemia revealed a distinct role for the clock in the brain and peripheral tissues. Obesogenic diets disrupt rhythmic sleep/wake patterns, feeding behavior, and transcriptional networks, showing that metabolic signals reciprocally control the clock. Providing access to high-fat diet only during the sleep phase (light period) in mice accelerates weight gain, whereas isocaloric time-restricted feeding during the active period enhances energy expenditure due to circadian induction of adipose thermogenesis.

Perspective: Supporting Maternal Efforts to Provide Optimal Infant Nutrition in the Post-Partum Setting.

Supporting optimal newborn nutrition and the positive maternal-infant relationship while encouraging safe sleep practices are essential components of maternal and newborn care in the hospital setting following birth. Breastfeeding is widely recognized as the best practice to support the nutritional needs and well-being of the infant, and recommendations have been developed by the WHO, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the United States Centers for Disease Control to encourage and successfully support breastfeeding efforts before hospital discharge. The 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, developed and promoted by the WHO, form the basis of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) and have become the international framework for public health initiatives to promote breastfeeding.

Drivers of men's use of intimate partner violence in conflict-affected settings: learnings from the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Background: Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is prevalent in conflict-affected settings. Yet, there is limited knowledge about the risk factors that influence men's use of IPVAW in conflict-affected settings. This paper adopts a transdisciplinary perspective to understand how experiences hypothesized to increase men's use of IPVAW relate to each other and to men's use of IPVAW.

Repression of latent NF-κB enhancers by PDX1 regulates β cell functional heterogeneity.

Interactions between lineage-determining and activity-dependent transcription factors determine single-cell identity and function within multicellular tissues through incompletely known mechanisms. By assembling a single-cell atlas of chromatin state within human islets, we identified β cell subtypes governed by either high or low activity of the lineage-determining factor pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1). β cells with reduced PDX1 activity displayed increased chromatin accessibility at latent nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) enhancers.

Association of hearing loss with patient-reported functional outcomes in adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Background: Hearing loss is prevalent following ototoxic therapy for childhood cancer. Associations between hearing loss, self-perceived hearing handicap, and functional outcomes have not been examined in survivors.

Methods: Adult survivors treated with platinum or head and neck radiotherapy with hearing loss were recruited.