Going, gonad, gone. Gender inequalities in the management of gonadal torsion: a cohort study.

Gonadal torsion (when the gonad twists on its ligamentous supports) is a surgical emergency in both men and women. Prompt management is essential to preserve gonadal function. Our aim was to compare the timeliness with which men and women who underwent surgery for suspected gonadal torsion are managed.

Effect of deprivation on in vitro fertilisation outcome: a cohort study.

Objective: To determine whether socioeconomic deprivation affects IVF outcome independent of the number of cycles undertaken.

Design: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Setting: A tertiary level fertility clinic in the North of England.

Investigation and treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency: A multi-disciplinary review of practice.

Objectives: To assess compliance with the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) guidelines on the investigation and management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency at the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (LTHT) and to determine whether this varies depending on the clinical setting in which the women present.

Study Design: A retrospective review of all females diagnosed with premature ovarian insufficiency between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2017, presenting to one of the following clinics: reproductive medicine, specialist menopause, general gynaecology, oncology long-term follow-up, general endocrinology or paediatric endocrinology.

Main Outcome Measures: Proportion of patients who had the necessary investigations performed and relevant treatment options discussed.

Hypothalamic-pituitary, ovarian and adrenal contributions to polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent heterogeneous disorder linked with disturbances of reproductive, endocrine and metabolic function. The definition and aetiological hypotheses of PCOS are continually developing to incorporate evolving evidence of the syndrome, which appears to be both multifactorial and polygenic. The pathophysiology of PCOS encompasses inherent ovarian dysfunction that is strongly influenced by external factors including the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and hyperinsulinaemia.

Follicular-phase ovarian follicular fluid and plasma cytokine profiling of natural cycle in vitro fertilization patients.

Objective: To characterize follicular fluid (FF) and systemic cytokine profiles at various time points during the natural-cycle follicular and periovulatory phases.

Design: Observational clinical study across two consecutive cycles.

Setting: Hospital-based in vitro fertilization program.

Impact of exogenous gonadotropin stimulation on circulatory and follicular fluid cytokine profiles.

Background. The natural cycle is the prototype to which we aspire to emulate in assisted reproduction techniques. Increasing evidence is emerging that controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with exogenous gonadotropins may be detrimental to oogenesis, embryo quality, and endometrial receptivity.

Metabolic profiling of follicular fluid and plasma from natural cycle in vitro fertilization patients--a pilot study.

Objective: To investigate changes in follicular fluid (FF) and plasma composition during the follicular and periovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle in patients undergoing assisted conception, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolite profiling.

Design: A pilot prospective laboratory study.

Setting: Assisted conception clinic in a university hospital.

Understanding subfertility at a molecular level in the female through the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Background: Understanding the aetiology of subfertility and female reproductive tract disorders at a molecular level may improve success rates in fertility treatment. Such understanding may be gained by the application of metabonomics technologies to tissues or biofluids. Metabonomics is concerned with the quantification of molecules in the metabolome and uses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as one of the main technological platforms.