Isotope tracing reveals bacterial catabolism of host-derived glutathione during Helicobacter pylori infection.

Mammalian cells synthesize the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) to shield cellular biomolecules from oxidative damage. Certain bacteria, including the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, can perturb host GSH homeostasis. H.

Functionality of methane cycling microbiome during methane flux hot moments from riparian buffer systems.

Riparian buffer systems (RBS) are a common agroforestry practice that involves maintaining a forested boundary adjacent to water bodies to protect the aquatic ecosystems in agricultural landscapes. While RBS have potential for carbon sequestration, they also can be sources of methane emissions. Our study site at Washington Creek in Southern Ontario, includes a rehabilitated tree buffer (RH), a grassed buffer (GRB), an undisturbed deciduous forest (UNF), an undisturbed coniferous forest (CF), and an adjacent agricultural field (AGR).

Establishing a Multidisciplinary Cavernous Carotid Injury Simulation to Train Neurosurgical, Otolaryngology, and Anesthesia Residents.

Carotid artery injuries are serious complications of endoscopic endonasal surgery. As these occur rarely, simulation training offers an avenue for technique and algorithm development in resident learners. This study develops a realistic cadaveric model for the training of crisis resource management in the setting of cavernous carotid artery injury.

Greenhouse gas emissions from riparian zones are related to vegetation type and environmental factors.

Riparian zones provide multiple benefits, including streambank stabilization and nutrient abatement. However, there is a knowledge gap on how the type of vegetation and environmental factors (e.g.

Vegetation Type Does not Affect Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Riparian Zones in Agricultural Landscapes.

Riparian zones provide multiple benefits in agricultural landscapes, but nitrogen (N) loading can cause NO emissions. There is a knowledge gap on how different types of riparian vegetation influence NO emissions. This study quantified NO emissions from a rehabilitated riparian zone with deciduous trees (RH), a herbaceous (grassed) riparian zone (GRS), a natural forested riparian zone with deciduous trees (UNF-D), a natural forested riparian zone with coniferous trees (UNF-C), and an agricultural field (AGR).

Development and evaluation of a simulation-based transition to clerkship course.

Background: Transition to clerkship courses bridge the curricular gap between preclinical and clinical medical education. However, despite the use of simulation-based teaching techniques in other aspects of medical training, these techniques have not been adequately described in transition courses. We describe the development, structure and evaluation of a simulation-based transition to clerkship course.

Riparian land-use systems impact soil microbial communities and nitrous oxide emissions in an agro-ecosystem.

Riparian buffer systems (RBS) are considered a best management practice (BMP) in agricultural landscapes to intercept soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) leaching and surface runoff into aquatic ecosystems. However, these environmental benefits could be offset by increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including nitrous oxide (NO). The main sources of NO in soil are linked to processes which are mediated by soil microbial communities.

Integrated Otolaryngology and Anesthesia Simulation Model for Crisis Management of Cavernous Carotid Artery Injury.

Simulation training is emerging as a cost-effective way to train residents on the skill sets necessary to excel as fully functioning physicians. Until recently, the simulated resident training environments have primarily focused on handling a medical crisis with learners from the same specialty. A dual otolaryngology and anesthesiology simulation was established to improve teamwork and communication skills between specialties.

Crisis Management Simulation: Establishing a Dual Neurosurgery and Anesthesia Training Experience.

Background: Simulation training has been shown to be an effective teaching tool. Learner management of an intraoperative crisis such as a major cerebrovascular bleed requires effective teamwork, communication, and implementation of key skill sets at appropriate time points. This study establishes a first of a kind simulation experience in a neurosurgery/anesthesia resident (learners) team working together to manage an intraoperative crisis.

The complete nucleotide sequence and genomic characterization of grapevine asteroid mosaic associated virus.

In analyzing grapevine clones infected with grapevine red blotch associated virus, we identified a small number of isometric particles of approximately 30nm in diameter from an enriched fraction of leaf extract. A dominant protein of 25kDa was isolated from this fraction using SDS-PAGE and was identified by mass spectrometry as belonging to grapevine asteroid mosaic associated virus (GAMaV). Using a combination of three methods RNA-Seq, sRNA-Seq, and Sanger sequencing of RT- and RACE-PCR products, we obtained a full-length genome sequence consisting of 6719 nucleotides without the poly(A) tail.

Feasibility of an emergency department-based, risk-targeted voluntary HIV screening program.

Study Objective: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an emergency department-based, risk-targeted voluntary HIV screening program.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled consenting adult i.v.

Thermodynamic stoichiometries of participation of water, cations and anions in specific and non-specific binding of lac repressor to DNA. Possible thermodynamic origins of the "glutamate effect" on protein-DNA interactions.

The objective of this study is to quantify the contributions of cations, anions and water to stability and specificity of the interaction of lac repressor (lac R) protein with the strong-binding symmetric lac operator (Osym) DNA site. To this end, binding constants Kobs and their power dependences on univalent salt (MX) concentration (SKobs = d log Kobs/d log[MX]) have been determined for the interactions of lac R with Osym operator and with non-operator DNA using filter binding and DNA cellulose chromatography, respectively. For both specific and non-specific binding of lac R, Kobs at fixed salt concentration [KX] increases when chloride (Cl-) is replaced by the physiological anion glutamate (Glu-).

Campylobacter infection in a closed dog breeding colony.

Most dogs in a closed breeding unit were shown to be asymptomatic excretors of campylobacter organisms by eight weeks old. Increasing serum antibody levels, which were correlated with the excretion of organisms, were demonstrated in the puppies and serum antibodies were also demonstrated in adult dogs. The significance of these findings with respect to the pathogenicity of campylobacter in dogs and their zoonotic implications are discussed.

Mebendazole for worming mice: effectiveness and side effects.

The use of mebendazole-treated diet (60 ppm) effectively controlled Hymenolepis nana and Aspiculuris tetraptera in a large mouse breeding colony. In a 3 generation pilot study using a medicated diet, there was some reduction in litter size and in female growth rate and an overall 2.07% incidence of kinky tails in the offspring.

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasal tissues in the common marmoset.

The occurrence of undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasal tissues in 3 adult marmosets is described. The tumours appeared to arise from the respiratory epithelium of the turbinate bones and nasal septum. They were poorly differentiated, invaded the paranasal sinuses and hard palate and metastasized to the lungs or liver.

Canine tooth root infection as a cause of facial abscess in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

Facial abscesses in a colony of common marmosets were found to be caused by abscessation of an upper canine tooth root. Trauma to the upper canine, resulting in exposure of the pulp cavity, was thought to be the mode of infection. Radiography was the most useful diagnostic aid in establishing the nature and extent of the lesion.

An outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in a colony of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

An outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia occurred in a breeding colony of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). 16 animals, all except one under 12 months of age, died suddenly. Extensive lesions of pneumonia and pleurisy were found at necropsy and B.

Use of portable filter units to control the animal house environment.

The application of portable recirculating filter units to the control of laboratory animal house environments was investigated. Under practical conditions such a unit effected reductions in the ammonia level and bacterial content of the atmosphere of a room housing rats.

Ultrastructural studies of chronic pneumonia in guineapigs.

Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis commenced as focal proliferation of fibroblasts and accumulation of macrophages in interalveolar septa and was followed by deposition of excess collagen. Epithelium of airways and alveoli remained normal. Perivascular nodules of lymphoid tissues which developed in the lungs of many older animals had a high mitotic rate, but the lymphocytes were morphologically normal.

A study of chronic pneumonia in a guineapig colony with enzootic Bordetella bronchiseptica infection.

Three types of lesion were present in the lungs of guineapigs with chronic pneumonia - pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, perivascular lymphoid hyperplasia and foreign body granulomas. Bordetella bronchiseptica was present in the nasopharynx, trachea and lungs of a high proportion of animals from 4 weeks old, and antibodies to this organism were also found. Animals removed at 4 days old and reared in isolation from the main colony and free from B.