Correction: Association between the caregivers' oral health literacy and the oral health of children and youth with special health care needs.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Mapping the Dental Applications of Nanosilver Fluoride: A Narrative Review.

Unlabelled: Advances in nanotechnology have been changing the face of dentistry with their diverse range of dental applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a relatively new breakthrough in dentistry.

Aim: The main objective of this paper is to discuss the current progress in the field of dentistry and highlight the aspects regarding silver nanoparticle incorporation, emphasizing the properties, applications, and advantages of nanosilver fluoride (NSF) that it brings to dentistry.

Effect of scaling on levels of interleukin 1-beta and clinical periodontal parameters among e-cigarette users and non-smokers: A prospective study.

Introduction: This cohort study aimed to compare the effect of ultrasonic scaling on the expression of IL-1β in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) among ENDS users and non-smokers (NS) with gingivitis.

Methods: Self-reported current electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) users and NS with generalized gingivitis were included in this study. All the patients underwent scaling at the baseline visit (T0).

Oral Health in the State of Kuwait: An Appraisal.

Background: Oral health issues have received significant attention from most global health agencies, which have integrated these issues into their noncommunicable disease, sustainable development, and universal health coverage objectives.

Methods: This paper provides an update on the progress made in the last 2 decades and aims to highlight some of the challenges faced by the oral health care system in Kuwait.

Results: Despite the nation's rising expenditure on oral health care, the prevalence of oral diseases remains high in Kuwait.

Comparison of Radiographic and Clinical Status and Peri-implant Crevicular Fluid Prostaglandin E2 Levels Among Patients with Peri-implant Mucositis and Peri-implantitis.

The aim of this study was to compare radiographic and clinical status and peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels among patients with and without peri-implant disease. Patients with peri-implant mucositis (PiM) (Group 1) and peri-implantitis (Group 2) and individuals without peri-implant disease (Group 3) were included. Demographic information was collected, and peri-implant modified plaque and bleeding indices (mPI and mBI), probing depth (PD), and crestal bone loss (CBL) were recorded.

Does the severity of untreated dental caries of preschool children influence the oral health-related quality of life?

Aim: To assess the impact of untreated dental caries and its severity on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of Kuwaiti preschool children and their caregivers.

Methods: Participants were 4- and 5-year-old kindergarten children attending preselected public schools from one of the Governorates in Kuwait. Early childhood caries (ECC) was evaluated by clinical examinations and presented using decayed, missed, filled teeth/surface (dmft/dmfs).

The Effect of Nanosilver Sodium Fluoride on the Mechanical and Physiochemical Properties of Artificially Demineralised Dentin.

Purpose: To synthesise and characterise nanosilver sodium fluoride (NSSF) and assess the effect of applying this formulation in vitro on artificially demineralised root dentin lesions, compared with the application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), sodium fluoride (NAF) or no treatment, in terms of mechanical, chemical and ultrastructural properties.

Materials And Methods: NSSF was prepared using 0.5 wt% chitosan solution.

Dentists' Perspective on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Utilization of Emergency Dental Services in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This cross-sectional study intends to evaluate dentists' perceptions of COVID-19's effects on the use of emergency dental care both during and after Kuwait's lockdown periods. A convenience sample of dentists employed by the Ministry of Health's various emergency dental clinics and School Oral Health Programs (SOHP) throughout Kuwait's six governorates were invited to take part in this study. To determine the impact of various demographic and occupational characteristics on the mean perception score of the dentist, a multi-variable model was developed.

Peri-Implant Inflammation in Waterpipe Users and Cigarette Smokers: An Observational Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare peri-implant clinical and radiographic status and levels of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) in waterpipe users and cigarette smokers.

Methods: Waterpipe users, cigarette smokers, and never smokers were included. Demographic details were collected using a questionnaire.

Comparison of periodontal status and salivary IL-15 and -18 levels in cigarette-smokers and individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems.

Background: It is hypothesized that periodontal status is compromised and whole salivary (WS) interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-18 levels are higher among cigarette-smokers and electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems (ENDS)-users than never-smokers. The aim of the present case-control study was to compare the periodontal status and WS IL-15 and -18 levels among cigarette-smokers, ENDS-users and controls (never-smokers).

Methods: Participants were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group-1:Current cigarette-smokers; Group-2:ENDS-users; Group-3:Never-smokers with periodontitis; and Group-4: Never-smokers without periodontitis.

Increased expression of advanced glycation endproducts in the gingival crevicular fluid compromises periodontal status in cigarette-smokers and waterpipe users.

Background: The aim was to assess the association between levels of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and periodontal parameters among cigarette-smokers and waterpipe-users.

Methods: Self-reported cigarette-smokers; waterpipe-users and never-smokers were included. Demographic data was recorded using a questionnaire.

Cortisol Levels in the Peri-implant Sulcular Fluid of Type-2 Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients with Peri-implantitis.

Purpose: Cortisol levels (CL) in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) samples in relation to type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and peri-implantitis remain unaddressed. It is hypothesi?sed that PISF CL are higher in patients with type-2 diabetes and peri-implantitis than in healthy patients without and with peri-implantitis. The aim was to assess the PISF CL of peri-implantitis patients without and with T2DM.

Smoking Status of Faculty and Their Tobacco Cessation Counselling Advisory.

Introduction: Health professionals' own beliefs and practices, especially their smoking status, has been described to strongly influence their willingness to provide brief tobacco interventions (5 A's) to their patients. This study examines the association between the smoking status of faculty members in US dental programmes and (1) practice pattern; (2) perceived confidence; and (3) perceived educational preparedness of new graduates in providing the 5 A's to their patients.

Methods: This study presents data from the National Tobacco Survey of Personnel in Dental and Allied Academic Programs (TSPDAP) conducted in 2018.

Marginal and internal fit of porcelain laminate veneers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Statement Of Problem: Marginal integrity and internal adaptation are key to the long-term success of porcelain laminate veneers. Evidence for their marginal and internal fit is unclear, and the factors affecting such fit have not been identified.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the scientific literature assessing the effects of various parameters on the marginal and internal fit of porcelain laminate veneers.

The impact of malocclusion on the oral health related quality of life of 11-14-year-old children.

Background: The relationship between malocclusion and the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children needs to be explored further as existing literature presents conflicting evidence. This study aims to determine the association between malocclusion and OHRQoL of 11-14-year-old children.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 caregiver/child dyads seeking orthodontic consultation at a tertiary care hospital.

Association between the caregivers' oral health literacy and the oral health of children and youth with special health care needs.

Aim: Previous studies have shown that children of caregivers with low oral health literacy (OHL) had more untreated caries than children of caregivers with adequate OHL. However, there is a paucity of information on this relationship among children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). Accordingly, this study aims to assess the association between the caregivers' OHL and the oral health status of CYSHCN.

Association between Frequency of Toothbrushing and Metabolic Syndrome among Adolescents: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study.

This study longitudinally examines the relationship between the frequency of toothbrushing and the development of selected components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), along with the potential role of salivary biomarkers in this relationship. In 2014, 6317 12-year-old children underwent health examinations (T1), of which, 348 children participated in the second stage of data collection in 2019 (T2). The association between the change in the metabolic status during the 5-year follow-up examination (between T1 and T2) and frequency of toothbrushing was assessed using multinomial logistic regression analyses.

Evidence-Based Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Silver Diamine Fluoride Use in Dentistry.

Background: This bibliometric analysis is aimed at reviewing the research pattern on the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in dentistry using various citation metrics.

Methods: A well-curated search was conducted on Elsevier's Scopus database for the relevant literature on SDF published between 1969 and 2021. Bibliographic information such as information related to citations, bibliographic data, abstracts, keywords, and other relevant information was extracted using different combinations of keywords ("silver diamine fluoride" OR "Silver Diamine Fluorides" OR "Diamine Fluoride" OR "Silver Fluoride").

Periodontal Clinicoradiographic Status and Whole Saliva Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activation Receptor and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Levels in Type-2 Diabetic and Non-diabetic Individuals.

Purpose: The authors hypothesise that whole saliva soluble-urokinase-type plasminogen-activator receptor (suPAR) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels are higher in patients with poorly-controlled than well-controlled type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-diabetic controls. The aim was to assess the periodontal clinicoradiographic status and whole-salivary suPAR and TNF-α levels in type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.

Materials And Methods: Patients with and without type-2 DM were included.

Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases among Indians residing in Kuwait.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread to most countries around the world. Disproportionate spread of COVID-19 among the Indian community in Kuwait prompted heightened surveillance in this community.

Aims: To study the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients and their contacts among the Indian community in Kuwait.

Neurotic personality trait as a predictor in the prognosis of composite restorations: A 24-month clinical follow up study.

The role of personality traits in modulating the incidence and progression of medical disease conditions are well documented, however, there is a paucity of information for its effects on dental health conditions and specifically on the prognosis of restorative dental materials. This study aims to evaluate the clinical performance of Micro-hybrid and Nano-ceramic composite restorations among patients with different personality traits. A total of 323 patients, indicated to receive operative treatment at a University Dental College Hospital, were invited to participate in this study.

Dental Education in an Era of COVID-19: Kuwait's Experience.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on dental education worldwide. Due to the rapid spread of COVID-19 across Kuwait, it was essential for the Faculty of Dentistry (FoD) at Kuwait University to make appropriate modifications to the functioning of the dental school. The FoD's goal was not only to ensure a safe environment for its staff, students, and patients but also to sustain the students' academic progression.

Pattern of Traumatic Dental Injuries Among Adults.

Background: The etiology, presentation and management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) vary significantly between the adult and the younger population. Most epidemiological studies on TDIs have focused on the pediatric age group. This study aims to report and compare the distributions of TDIs among adults in a sub-population in India.

A clinical investigation into the efficacy of miswak chewing sticks as an oral hygiene aid: A crossover randomized trial.

Objectives: This study evaluates the effect of using miswak chewing sticks on dental plaque, selected oral microbiota and gingival inflammation among patients with gingivitis.

Methods: The study was a single-centre, single-examiner blind, randomized, crossover study. Twenty healthy participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups (n = 10).

Sociodemographic and behavioural determinants of early childhood caries knowledge among expectant mothers in Kuwait.

Purpose: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a highly prevalent disease in Kuwait. It poses health, economic, and social implications affecting patients, their families and communities. ECC awareness campaigns targeting expectant mothers hold a promising potential as primary prevention tools.