The impact of the cost-of-living crisis on population health in the UK: rapid evidence review.

Background: In the UK, unique and unforeseen factors, including COVID-19, Brexit, and Ukraine-Russia war, have resulted in an unprecedented cost of living crisis, creating a second health emergency. We present, one of the first rapid reviews with the aim of examining the impact of this current crisis, at a population level. We reviewed published literature, as well as grey literature, examining a broad range of physical and mental impacts on health in the short, mid, and long term, identifying those most at risk, impacts on system partners, including emergency services and the third sector, as well as mitigation strategies.

Frequency-specific sensitivity of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to low-intensity vibratory stimulus during adipogenesis.

Adipocyte accumulation in the bone marrow is a severe complication leading to bone defects and reduced regenerative capacity. Application of external mechanical signals to bone marrow cellular niche is a non-invasive and non-pharmaceutical methodology to improve osteogenesis and suppress adipogenesis. However, in the literature, the specific parameters related to the nature of low-intensity vibratory (LIV) signals appear to be arbitrarily selected for amplitude, bouts, and applied frequency.

Treatment Strategies for Dopamine Agonist-Resistant and Aggressive Prolactinomas: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Literature.

Despite most of the prolactinomas can be treated with endocrine therapy and/or surgery, a significant percentage of these tumors can be resistant to endocrine treatments and/or recur with prominent invasion into the surrounding anatomical structures. Hence, clinical, pathological, and molecular definitions of aggressive prolactinomas are important to guide for classical and novel treatment modalities. In this review, we aimed to define molecular endocrinological features of dopamine agonist-resistant and aggressive prolactinomas for designing future multimodality treatments.

Neurosurgical and neuro-immunological management of IgG4-related hypertrophic sclerosing pachymeningitis. A literature survey and discussion of a unique index case.

Background: Dural thickening is observed in lymphoma, dural carcinomatosis, meningioma, tuberculosis, and autoimmune diseases. We encountered a patient with dural thickening and complaints of neck and back pain, numbness and loss of strength in the hands. The patient also suffered from polychondritis and had previously received steroid and methotrexate treatment for this indication.

Applicability of Low-intensity Vibrations as a Regulatory Factor on Stem and Progenitor Cell Populations.

Persistent and transient mechanical loads can act as biological signals on all levels of an organism. It is therefore not surprising that most cell types can sense and respond to mechanical loads, similar to their interaction with biochemical and electrical signals. The presence or absence of mechanical forces can be an important determinant of form, function and health of many tissue types.

Is thymus size at birth associated with respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants?

Aim: Thymus size in neonates depend on many factors. We aimed to assess the thymus size radiographically in preterm neonates and its relationship with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and other complications of prematurity.

Methods: Thymus size was assessed by cardiothymic: thoracic ratio (CT/T), measuring the width of the cardiothymic shadow at the level of carina and dividing it by the width of the thorax at the costophrenic angles, from the first chest radiograph in patients less than 34 weeks gestational age.

Histogram Analysis Parameters Apparent Diffusion Coefficient for Distinguishing High and Low-Grade Meningiomas: A Multicenter Study.

Low grade meningiomas have better prognosis than high grade meningiomas. The aim of this study was to measure apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis parameters in different meningiomas in a large multicenter sample and to analyze the possibility of several parameters for predicting tumor grade and proliferation potential. Overall, 148 meningiomas from 7 institutions were evaluated in this retrospective study.

Whorling-sclerosing meningioma. A review on the histological features of a rare tumor including an illustrative case.

Whorling-Sclerosing variant of meningioma (WSM) is a very rare variant of meningioma and only 28 cases were previously reported in the English medical literature. The term "whorling" describes different morphological features including psammoma bodies formed by precipitated calcium or by layered whorling sheets of tumor cells in meningothelial meningiomas. In WSM, the sclerosing structures are formed by typical paucicellular or acellular collagen whorls which form the majority of tumor volume.

Brachial artery thrombosis mimicking De Quervain's syndrome: a case report.

Upper limb occlusions are rare and the clinical presentation may vary depending on the affected arteries. A detailed history and physical examination may reveal possible causes and can facilitate the differential diagnosis. It can be misdiagnosed as musculoskeletal diseases due to similar clinical manifestations.

The land productivity dynamics trend as a tool for land degradation assessment in a dryland ecosystem.

The aim of this study was to produce a land productivity dynamic map of a degraded catchment located in dryland ecosystem via a land degradation assessment using three indicators, namely land use, land productivity, and soil organic carbon density. The study was conducted in the Mogan Catchment, Turkey, between 2000 and 2010. The study embraced the current trend for assessing ecosystem services over wide areas.

A pollution fate and transport model application in a semi-arid region: Is some number better than no number?

Fate and transport models are powerful tools that aid authorities in making unbiased decisions for developing sustainable management strategies. Application of pollution fate and transport models in semi-arid regions has been challenging because of unique hydrological characteristics and limited data availability. Significant temporal and spatial variability in rainfall events, complex interactions between soil, vegetation and topography, and limited water quality and hydrological data due to insufficient monitoring network make it a difficult task to develop reliable models in semi-arid regions.

Low-intensity vibrations normalize adipogenesis-induced morphological and molecular changes of adult mesenchymal stem cells.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that are committed to adipogenesis were exposed daily to high-frequency low-intensity mechanical vibrations to understand molecular, morphological and ultrastructural adaptations to mechanical signals during adipogenesis. D1-ORL-UVA mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured with either growth or adipogenic medium for 1 week. Low-intensity vibration signals (15 min/day, 90 Hz, 0.

Management of Failed Cranioplasty.

Aim: Failed cranioplasty attempts may lead to numerous complications in a broad spectrum including cosmetic problems, infection, neurological deterioration and even death. Selection of the most appropriate surgical technique for second and further surgical attempts for these patients still remains a debate. We aimed to share our experience and technical pitfalls on management of failed cranioplasty, particularly for patients with large cranial defects.

Focal megalencephaly: intraoperative ultrasound imaging in epilepsy surgery.

Hemimegalencephaly is a rare neuronal migration disorder that can be defined as abnormal neural and glial proliferation localized to all or part of a cerebral hemisphere. Most patients demonstrate intractable epilepsy, with early onset before 1 year of age. Surgical resection is one of the treatment options.

Relationship of intraoperative ultrasound characteristics with pathological grades and Ki-67 proliferation index in intracranial gliomas.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the intraoperative ultrasonographic appearances and the histopathological characteristics of glial tumors using the pathological grading system and the Ki-67 proliferation index.

Materials And Methods: Patients with glial tumors who underwent surgery with the aid of intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) between September 2013 and August 2014 were included in the study. The lesions' IOUS characteristics were analyzed and compared with the results of surgical histopathological characteristics.

Relation of apparent diffusion coefficient with Ki-67 proliferation index in meningiomas.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Ki-67 proliferation indexes and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of low-grade and atypical/anaplastic (high-grade) meningiomas.

Methods: Pre-operative diffusion-weighted imaging and histopathological evaluation of 44 patients with meningiomas were performed retrospectively. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn on the ADC images.

Direct experimental visualization of the global Hamiltonian progression of two-dimensional Lagrangian flow topologies from integrable to chaotic state.

Countless theoretical/numerical studies on transport and mixing in two-dimensional (2D) unsteady flows lean on the assumption that Hamiltonian mechanisms govern the Lagrangian dynamics of passive tracers. However, experimental studies specifically investigating said mechanisms are rare. Moreover, they typically concern local behavior in specific states (usually far away from the integrable state) and generally expose this indirectly by dye visualization.

Problems with the Median Arcuate Ligament Should Be Recognized before Surgery; Its Importance in Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: Celiac artery stenosis (CAS) is a not a rare finding in the general population. The median arcuate ligament (MAL) is a fibrous arch that unites the diaphragmatic crura on either side of the aortic hiatus and, while it normally passes cranial to the origin of the celiac truncus, a low-lying ligament may lead to compression of the celiac artery and is the one of the major causes of CAS.

Case Report: In this paper, we present a patient with a mass in the gastric bulbus who was diagnosed with celiac artery stenosis during the pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).

Effect of radiation dose reduction on image quality in adult head CT with noise-suppressing reconstruction system with a 256 slice MDCT.

The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of iterative reconstruction (IR) as a dose reduction system on the image quality (IQ) of the adult head computed tomography (CT) at various low-dose levels, and to identify ways of setting the amount of dose reduction. We performed two noncontrast low-dose (LD) adult head CT protocols modified by lowering the tube current with IR which were decided in the light of a group of phantom studies. Two groups of patients, each 100 underwent noncontrast head CT with LD-I and LD-II, respectively.

Compression of the Celiac Artery by the Median Arcuate Ligament: Multidetector Computed Tomography Findings and Characteristics.

Purpose: The prevalence of the celiac artery stenosis caused by median arcuate ligament (MAL) compression and its multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) characteristics were evaluated in patients who underwent abdominal MDCT procedures, retrospectively.

Methods: Totally 1121 patients who had abdominal MDCT with arterial phase or MDCT angiography of the abdominal aorta for various indications were analyzed for celiac artery compression by the MAL.

Results: Fifty (ie, 4.

Meandering right pulmonary vein associated with retrocaval ureter and vertebral fusion anomalies.

We present multimodality imaging of a meandering right pulmonary vein in a 29-year-old female patient. It was associated with right retrocaval ureter causing hydronephrosis and stone formation, vertebral fusion anomalies and corrected cardiac anomalies (patent ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect). To the best of our knowledge, only a few meandering right pulmonary vein have been presented in the literature until now and this is the first reported case that is associated with retrocaval ureter and vertebral fusion anomalies.

Our Experience with MR Imaging of Perianal Fistulas.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicts infectious foci in the perianal region better than any other imaging modality. MRI allows definition of the fistula, associated abscess formation and its secondary extensions. Accurate information is necessary for surgical treatment and to obtain a decrease in the incidence of recurrence and complications.

Frontal lobe lipoma associated with cortical dysplasia and abnormal vasculature.

Intracranial lipomas (ICLs) are rare lesions, the vast majority encountered as incidental findings on imaging studies. ICLs are generally pericallosal midline lesions and thought to be asymptomatic and can be accompanied by additional intracranial congenital malformations. We describe a 17-year old male with an unusual case of ICL on the frontal lobe associated with cortical dysplasia and abnormal vasculature mimicking arteriovenous malformation on magnetic resonance images.