Sensitive electrochemical sensor of levofloxacin using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode modified with TiCT (MXene) material.

Overuse of levofloxacin (LEV) is often associated with bacterial resistance and serious health problems, underscoring the need for reliable sensing and monitoring of LEV molecules. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate LEV using boron-doped diamond (BDD) and boron-doped diamond modified with MXene (TiCT) (BDD-MXene) electrode. The successful deposition of MXene on the BDD surface was confirmed using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Nanodiamonds and natural deep eutectic solvents as potential carriers for lipase.

This study investigates the use of nanodiamonds (ND) as a promising carrier for enzyme immobilization and compares the effectiveness of immobilized and native enzymes. Three different enzyme types were tested, of which Rhizopus niveus lipase (RNL) exhibited the highest relative activity, up to 350 %. Under optimized conditions (1 h, pH 7.

Exploring the potential of intermetallic alloys as implantable biomaterials: A comprehensive review.

This review delves into the utilization of intermetallic alloys (IMAs) as advanced biomaterials for medical implants, scrutinizing their conceptual framework, fabrication challenges, and diverse manufacturing techniques such as casting, powder metallurgy, and additive manufacturing. Manufacturing techniques such as casting, powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, and injection molding are discussed, with specific emphasis on achieving optimal grain sizes, surface roughness, and mechanical properties. Post-treatment methods aimed at refining surface quality, dimensional precision, and mechanical properties of IMAs are explored, including the use of heat treatments to enhance biocompatibility and corrosion resistance.

Discovery of indoleninyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines as potent chemotherapeutic agents against colorectal cancer cells.

A new series of indolenines decorated with pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines were designed and synthesized in up to 96% yield from the acid-catalyzed cyclocondensation of 1,3-dialdehydes with 3-aminopyrazoles. X-ray crystallography on a representative derivative, 5n, revealed two close to planar conformations whereby the N-atom of the pyridyl residue was syn or anti to the pyrrole-N atom in the two independent molecules of the asymmetric unit. The computational and DNA binding data suggest that 5n is a strong DNA intercalator with the results in agreement with its potent cytotoxicity against two colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT 116 and HT-29).

Electrochemical assisted enhanced nanozymatic activity of functionalized borophene for HO and tetracycline detection.

This study unveils the electrochemically-enhanced nanozymatic activity exhibited by borophene during the reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and HO. Herein, the surface of the pristine borophene was first modified with the addition of thiocyanate groups to improve hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenging activity. Then, the oxidation reaction of TMB was accelerated under applied electrochemical potential.

Thermo-mechanical properties prediction of Ni-reinforced AlO composites using micro-mechanics based representative volume elements.

For effective cutting tool inserts that absorb thermal shock at varying temperature gradients, improved thermal conductivity and toughness are required. In addition, parameters such as the coefficient of thermal expansion must be kept within a reasonable range. This work presents a novel material design framework based on a multi-scale modeling approach that proposes nickel (Ni)-reinforced alumina (AlO) composites to tailor the mechanical and thermal properties required for ceramic cutting tools by considering numerous composite parameters.

Indoleninyl-substituted pyrimido[1,2-]indazoles a facile condensation reaction.

A new series of pyrimido[1,2-]indazoles bearing indolenine moieties was synthesized through a simple condensation reaction with up to 94% yield. The present method features the versatile formation of a pyrimidine ring with a broad range of substrates, great functional group compatibility and facile synthetic operation. The work offers opportunities in drug development as well as in materials science.

Catalytic activity of ethylbenzene with product selectivity by gold nanoparticles supported on zinc oxide.

The oxidation of ethylbenzene (EB) using -butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidizing agent was carried out in presence of gold nanoparticles (3 nm) supported on zinc oxide in acetonitrile solution. A higher selectivity towards acetophenone (ACP) as the major product, and a moderate selectivity towards other products such as 1-phenylethanol (PE), benzaldehyde (BZL), and benzoic acid (BzA) were observed using the prepared Au/ZnO nanocatalysts at 100 °C for 24 h. It is suggested the reaction produces an intermediate product, which is dimethylethyl-phenylethyl peroxide through a radical mechanism.

In-situ study of electrochemical migration of tin in the presence of bromide ion.

The miniaturization of electronic devices and the consequent decrease in the distance between conductive lines have increased the risk of short circuit failure due to electrochemical migration (ECM). The presence of ionic contaminants affects the ECM process. This work systematically investigates the ECM of tin (Sn) in the presence of bromide ions (Br) in the range of 10 M to 1.

DNA/Nano based advanced genetic detection tools for authentication of species: Strategies, prospects and limitations.

Authentication, detection and quantification of ingredients, and adulterants in food, meat, and meat products are of high importance these days. The conventional techniques for the detection of meat species based on lipid, protein and DNA biomarkers are facing challenges due to the poor selectivity, sensitivity and unsuitability for processed food products or complex food matrices. On the other hand, DNA based molecular techniques and nanoparticle based DNA biosensing strategies are gathering huge attention from the scientific communities, researchers and are considered as one of the best alternatives to the conventional strategies.

A review of gas chromatographic techniques for identification of aqueous amine degradation products in carbonated environments.

Degradation of amines is a significant issue allied to amine-based carbon dioxide (CO) absorption in post-combustion CO capture. It becomes essential to have a detailed understanding of degradation products for advanced post-combustion CO capture technology. Identification and quantification of degradation products of amines help in practicability and environmental assessment of amine-based technology.

Recent advances in tissue engineering scaffolds based on polyurethane and modified polyurethane.

Organ repair, regeneration, and transplantation are constantly in demand due to various acute, chronic, congenital, and infectious diseases. Apart from traditional remedies, tissue engineering (TE) is among the most effective methods for the repair of damaged tissues via merging the cells, growth factors, and scaffolds. With regards to TE scaffold fabrication technology, polyurethane (PU), a high-performance medical grade synthetic polymer and bioactive material has gained significant attention.

Mixed oxide nanotubes in nanomedicine: A dead-end or a bridge to the future?

Nanomedicine has seen a significant rise in the development of new research tools and clinically functional devices. In this regard, significant advances and new commercial applications are expected in the pharmaceutical and orthopedic industries. For advanced orthopedic implant technologies, appropriate nanoscale surface modifications are highly effective strategies and are widely studied in the literature for improving implant performance.

Fabrication and Characterization of SnO-Cu₂O Mixed Metal Oxide Thin Films for Photoelectrochemical Applications.

Herein, we report the synthesis of SnO, Cu₂O and SnO-Cu₂O mixed oxide thin films on fluorinedoped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (AACVD) process using [Cu (dmae)₂(H₂O)] and [Sn (dmae) (OAc)]₂ as molecular precursors for SnO and Cu₂O, respectively at 400 °C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern can be ascribed to the tetragonal phase of SnO crystals with space group P4 and cubic phase of Cu₂O crystals with space group Pn- 3m/nmm, respectively. The surface morphology characteristics of SnO, Cu₂O and SnO-Cu₂Omixed oxide have been investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) which revealed that the SnO was grown homogeneously in cubical shape while Cu₂O possess nano balls shaped morphologies.

evaluation of novel low-pressure spark plasma sintered HA-BG composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

The low-pressure spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique is adopted to fabricate hydroxyapatite-bioglass (HA-BG) scaffolds while maintaining the physical properties of both components, including their bulk and relative density and hardness. However, prior to their orthopaedic and dental applications, these scaffolds must be validated pre-clinical assessments. In the present study, scaffolds with different ratios of HA : BG, namely, 100 : 0 (HB 0 S), 90 : 10 (HB 10 S), 80 : 20 (HB 20 S) and 70 : 30 (HB 30 S) were fabricated.

A dopamine electrochemical sensor based on a platinum-silver graphene nanocomposite modified electrode.

A platinum-silver graphene (Pt-Ag/Gr) nanocomposite modified electrode was fabricated for the electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA). Electrochemical studies of the Pt-Ag/Gr nanocomposite towards DA detection were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The CV analysis showed that Pt-Ag/Gr/GCE had enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards DA oxidation due to the synergistic effects between the platinum-silver nanoparticles and graphene.

Nanoantioxidants: Recent Trends in Antioxidant Delivery Applications.

Antioxidants interact with free radicals, terminating the adverse chain reactions and converting them to harmless products. Antioxidants thus minimize the oxidative stress and play a crucial role in the treatment of free radicals-induced diseases. However, the effectiveness of natural and/or synthetic antioxidants is limited due to their poor absorption, difficulties to cross the cell membranes, and degradation during delivery, hence contributing to their limited bioavailability.

Dual platform based sandwich assay surface-enhanced Raman scattering DNA biosensor for the sensitive detection of food adulteration.

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) DNA biosensing is an ultrasensitive, selective, and rapid detection technique with the ability to produce molecule-specific distinct fingerprint spectra. It supersedes the long amplicon based PCR assays, the fluorescence and spectroscopic techniques with their quenching and narrow spectral bandwidth, and the electrochemical detection techniques using multiplexing. However, the performance of the SERS DNA biosensor relies on the DNA probe length, platform composition, both the presence and position of Raman tags and the chosen sensing strategy.

Voltammetric sensing of formaldehyde by using a nanocomposite prepared by reductive deposition of palladium and platinum on polypyrrole-coated nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide.

The study presents the synthesis of polypyrrole-coated palladium platinum/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (PdPt-PPy/N-rGO NC) via direct the reduction of Pd(II) and Pt(II) in the presence of pyrrole monomer, N-rGO and L-cysteine as the reducing agent. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of metallic Pd and Pt from the reduction of Pd and Pt cations. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed the presence of Pd, Pt and PPy deposition on N-rGO.

Rapid Nucleation of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Supported Palladium Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation Reaction.

Small sized electrocatalysts, which can be obtained by rapid nucleation and high supersaturation are imperative for outstanding methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Conventional microwave synthesis processes of electrocatalysts include ultrasonication, stirring, pH adjustment, and microwave irradiation of the precursor mixture. Ethylene glycol (EG), which serves as a reductant and solvent was added during the ultrasonication or stirring stage.

Graphene oxide and gold nanoparticle based dual platform with short DNA probe for the PCR free DNA biosensing using surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based DNA biosensors have considered as excellent, fast and ultrasensitive sensing technique which relies on the fingerprinting ability to produce molecule specific distinct spectra. Unlike conventional fluorescence based strategies SERS provides narrow spectral bandwidths, fluorescence quenching and multiplexing ability, and fitting attribute with short length probe DNA sequences. Herein, we report a novel and PCR free SERS based DNA detection strategy involving dual platforms and short DNA probes for the detection of endangered species, Malayan box turtle (MBT) (Cuora amboinensis).

Mesoporous silica from batik sludge impregnated with aluminum hydroxide for the removal of bisphenol A and ibuprofen.

The present study reports the removal of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Ibuprofen (IBP) using adsorbents prepared from batik sludge. The calcite sludge-aluminum hydroxide (CAl) adsorbent was prepared by calcination and followed by aluminum hydroxide impregnation. The batik sludge and prepared adsorbents were characterized by FESEM, TGA, XRD, FTIR and BET techniques.

Molybdenum disulfide nanosheet decorated with silver nanoparticles for selective detection of dopamine.

A metal-inorganic composite, comprises of silver-molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (Ag@MoS) was synthesized at low temperature. The Ag@MoS composite was drop-casted onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for a highly selective dopamine (DA) detection in the presence of interfering compounds such as uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). The physicochemical analysis of the nanosheets was carried out with X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

L-Glutamine-assisted synthesis of ZnO oatmeal-like/silver composites as an electrochemical sensor for Pb detection.

We report a green synthesis of oatmeal ZnO/silver composites in the presence of L-glutamine as an electrochemical sensor for Pb detection. The synthesis was performed via the direct reduction of Ag in the presence of L-glutamine in NaOH. X-ray diffraction indicated that the Ag was completely reduced to metallic Ag.