Recent Advances in Bimetallic Catalysts for Methane Steam Reforming in Hydrogen Production: Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Prospects.

As energy demand continues to rise and the global population steadily grows, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative, clean, and renewable energy sources. The search for alternatives, such as green hydrogen, as both a fuel and an industrial feedstock, is intensifying. Methane steam reforming (MSR) has long been considered a primary method for hydrogen production, despite its numerous advantages, the activity and stability of the conventional Ni catalysts are major concerns due to carbon formation and metal sintering at high temperatures, posing significant drawbacks to the process.

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil via β-Zeolite-Supported Sulfated Metal Oxide Catalyst Systems.

Waste cooking oil (WCO) is a readily available and cheap feedstock for biodiesel production. However, WCO contains high levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), which negatively impact the biodiesel yield if homogeneous catalysts are used. Heterogeneous solid acid catalysts are preferred for low-cost feedstocks because the catalysts are highly insensitive to high levels of FFA in the feedstock.

Detection of Several Homologous MicroRNAs by a Single Smart Probe System Consisting of Linear Nucleic Acid Blockers.

We report a universal smart probe (SP) that is capable of detecting several homologous let-7 microRNAs (miRNAs). While the SP is complementary to let-7a, and therefore, strongly binds to this target, due to sequence homology, the SP also has equal propensity to non-specifically hybridize with let-7b and let-7c, which are homologous to let-7a. The fluorescence signal of the SP was switched off in the absence of any homologous member target, but the signal was switched on when any of the three homologous members was present.

Simple protocol for sequence-specific detection of mixed-base nucleic acids using a smart probe with NABs.

A fluorescent smart probe (SP) was used to detect a mixed-base ribonucleic acids sequence. While the SP presents excellent sensitivity for the target, it gives subtle discrimination between the perfect target sequence and several mismatch sequences. Its sequence-specificity for the target was greatly enhanced by using nucleic acid blockers (NABs), which are unlabeled, non-fluorescent hairpin oligonucleotides that are perfectly complementary to those mismatch sequences.