Stated Preferences for Attributes of a Pharmacogenetic Test Among the General Population Presented with a Hypothetical Acute Coronary Syndrome Scenario.

Background: Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing identifies pharmacotherapeutic risks to permit personalized therapy. Identifying the genetic profile of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who are considered for therapy with clopidogrel (P2Y receptor blockers) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) contributes to the treatment paradigm. Patient preferences would inform a collaborative framework and by extension inform healthcare policy formulation.

Cost-effectiveness of 3-month paliperidone therapy for chronic schizophrenia in the Netherlands.

Background: A new depot formulation of paliperidone has been developed that provides effective treatment for schizophrenia for 3 months (PP3M). It has been tested in phase-3 trials, but no data on its cost-effectiveness have been published.

Purpose: To determine the cost-effectiveness of PP3M compared with once-monthly paliperidone (PP1M), haloperidol long-acting therapy (HAL-LAT), risperidone microspheres (RIS-LAT), and oral olanzapine (oral-OLZ) for treating chronic schizophrenia in The Netherlands.

Cost-effectiveness of 3-month paliperidone treatment for chronic schizophrenia in Spain.

Background: A 3-month long treatment of paliperidone palmitate (PP3M) has been introduced as an option for treating schizophrenia. Its cost-effectiveness in Spain has not been established.

Aims: To compare the costs and effects of PP3M compared with once-monthly paliperidone (PP1M) from the payer perspective in Spain.

Dose escalation of biologics in Crohn's disease: critical review of observational studies.

Background: Biologics used to treat Crohn's disease (CD) may lose their effect over time, requiring dose escalation. Little information is available on this topic.

Aim: To summarize rates of dose escalation, duration, de-escalation in observational studies of CD in adults treated with adalimumab, infliximab, and vedolizumab in Europe.

Comparative effectiveness of interferons in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of real-world studies.

Background: Differences between interferons have been evaluated for over 20 years. While randomized controlled trial (RCT) data is mainly used for assessments and strong data for causal inferences, it does not necessarily reflect everyday practice. Real-world data may provide additional information.

Systematic literature review of the health economic implications of early detection by screening populations at risk for type 2 diabetes.

Background: Undetected/uncontrolled diabetes is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and consequent costs. Early detection through screening identifies patients at risk, allowing for earlier treatment initiation.

Objectives: To determine the economic impact of screening for type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Economic analysis of paliperidone long-acting injectable for chronic schizophrenia in Portugal.

Objective: Patients with chronic schizophrenia suffer a huge burden, as do their families/caregivers. Treating schizophrenia is costly for health systems. The European Medicines Agency has approved paliperidone palmitate (PP-LAI; Xeplion), an atypical antipsychotic depot; however, its pharmacoeconomic profile in Portugal is unknown.

Systematic review of models used in economic analyses in moderate-to-severe asthma and COPD.

Background: Respiratory diseases exert a substantial burden on society, with newer drugs increasingly adding to the burden. Economic models are often used, but seldom reviewed.

Purpose: To summarize economic models used in economic analyses of drugs treating moderate-to-severe/very severe asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Pharmacoeconomics of long-acting atypical antipsychotics for acutely relapsed chronic schizophrenia in Finland.

Background: Atypical long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are increasingly available for treating chronic schizophrenia in patients chronically non-adherent to prescribed regimens. Few economic studies have compared these products.

Purpose: To determine the cost-effectiveness of aripiprazole (ARI-LAI), paliperidone (PP-LAI), olanzapine (OLZ-LAI), and risperidone (RIS-LAI) in patients with chronic schizophrenia in Finland.

Patient preferences in severe COPD and asthma: a comprehensive literature review.

Background: Management of chronic incurable diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma is difficult. Incorporation of patient preferences is widely encouraged.

Purpose: To summarize original research articles determining patient preference in moderate-to-severe disease.

Utilities for asthma and COPD according to category of severity: a comprehensive literature review.

Background: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are incurable diseases that impact quality-of-life.

Objective: To summarize original research articles that measured or utilized preference-based utilities or disutilities according to disease severity.

Methods: Medline and Embase were searched from inception until the end of November 2014.

A markov model approach assessing the cost of illness of generalized anxiety disorder in Canada.

Introduction: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic disease with waxing and waning of symptoms. This is the first comprehensive economic model developed to reflect the nature and course of GAD.

Methods: An incidence-based probabilistic Markov model was developed reflecting nine GAD health states (HS): clinical assessments (three HS), maintenance therapies (four HS), discontinuation (one HS), and death (one HS).

Evidence-based review of clinical outcomes of guideline-recommended pharmacotherapies for generalized anxiety disorder.

Objective: To quantify the rates of clinical outcomes of Canadian Psychiatric Association (CPA) guideline-recommended pharmacotherapies for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) by drug classification within each treatment line.

Methods: Evidence from original research cited by the CPA was included. Pooled analyses, duplicates, and studies with nonextractable data were excluded.

Financial burden of household out-of-pocket expenditures for prescription drugs: cross-sectional analysis based on national survey data.

Background: Commentaries on the adequacy of insurance coverage for prescription drugs available to Canadians have emphasized differences in the coverage provided by different provincial governments. Less is known about the actual financial burden of prescription drug spending and how this burden varies by province of residence, affluence and source of primary drug coverage.

Methods: We used data from a nationally representative household expenditure survey to analyze the financial burden of prescription drugs.

Systematic review and quality assessment of economic evaluations and quality-of-life studies related to generalized anxiety disorder.

Background: The objectives of this article were to systematically review, summarize the results of, and assess the quality of economic evaluations and humanistic studies related to patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Methods: EMBASE, EBM Reviews, MEDLINE, and HealthSTAR databases were searched (from the time of inception through April 2008). Full-text publications describing full economic evaluations (cost-benefit, cost-minimization, cost-effectiveness, and cost-utility analyses), partial economic evaluations (cost, burden-of-illness, and resource-utilization analyses), and humanistic outcomes (utilities, preferences, and willingness-to-pay analyses) were included.

Assessing the reporting and scientific quality of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of treatments for anxiety disorders.

Background: Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) constitute the highest level of evidence, but their usefulness depends on their quality.

Objective: To assess the reporting and scientific quality of meta-analyses of RCTs on treatments for anxiety disorders.

Methods: Criteria for peer-reviewed, full-text retrieval included meta-analyses of RCTs of drugs versus active ingredient placebo, standard care, or psychotherapy.

Cost-effectiveness of escitalopram for generalized anxiety disorder in Canada.

Background: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a common chronic disease with a lifetime prevalence estimated to range from 4.2% to 12.7%.

Pain due to multiple sclerosis: analysis of the prevalence and economic burden in Canada.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease affecting approximately 50,000 Canadians. Although studies have described overall MS costs, none have focused specifically on MS-related pain.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of MS-related pain in Canada, the proportion of patients treated and responding to treatment for MS-related pain, and the associated economic burden.