Human papillomavirus DNA detection in cervical samples from women of reproductive age in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Introduction: Somalia is among the countries with a high burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2022, 660,000 infections are reported among women globally, out of which 350,000 died from the disease. Most of the studies on HPV reported from Somalia are based on cytologic analysis which is a subjective and suboptimal assessment.

Challenges in oral health practice in Somalia: a call for regulatory strengthening and inclusion into primary healthcare services.

Background: Oral diseases remain a significant public health problem worldwide despite being largely preventable. Oral disorders such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancers are highly prevalent chronic conditions that negatively impact quality of life. The oral health practice in Somalia has been evolving over the years, we therefore explored the challenges of oral health practice in a security-constrained poorly regulated environment to guide policy development.

COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Factors Associated Among Pregnant Women in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Background: Pregnant women exhibit COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy due to concerns regarding potential risks to their babies, doubts about vaccine efficacy, and limited access to information. Therefore, this study aims to estimate COVID-19 vaccine uptake and factors associated with pregnant women in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women using a questionnaire covering socio-demographic information, pregnancy-related characteristics, perceptions about the COVID-19 vaccine, and vaccination status.

Assessment of Non-Adherence to Anti-TB Drugs and Associated Factors Among Patients Attending TB Treatment Centers During COVID-19 Pandemic in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic's first wave and subsequent lockdowns disrupted global healthcare systems, significantly impacting essential services including tuberculosis (TB) care. Non-adherence to anti-TB drugs is a critical concern, leading to treatment failure, drug resistance, and increased morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the rate and determinants of non-adherence to TB treatment among patients at TB centers during the first wave of the pandemic.

Burning body parts "Guboow" to treat epididymo-orchitis: A traditional Somali healing practice.

In many parts of the world, mainly in rural communities, villages, and some urban areas, traditional healers play a role in primary healthcare. Guboow or body burning is practiced in Africa and Asia to treat various symptoms and conditions. In this article, we present a Somali patient from central Somalia with left epidydimo-orchitis and left inguinal hernia who received body burns to treat the illnesses and the symptoms.

Epidemiological investigation of dengue fever outbreak and its socioeconomic determinants in Banadir region, Somalia.

Background: Dengue has become an alarming global problem and is endemic in many countries, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. The aim of this study was to investigate dengue fever outbreak in Banadir Region, Somalia, to understand the risk factors (time, place, personal characteristics).

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the levels of circulating anti-dengue virus antibodies and DENV NS1 antigen among Banadir Region residents, while a questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients.

An in-vivo experimental evaluation of the efficacy of fish-derived antimicrobial peptides against multidrug-resistant .

Introduction: due to the fact that antimicrobial peptides antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from climbing perch have not been fully explored for their antimicrobial potency, this investigation was undertaken to explore that possibility.

Methods: antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from the mucous secretion of climbing perch were obtained and an in-vivo analysis was conducted using mice.

Results: the results showed inhibitory effects on multidrug-resistant multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduced mortality from 100% among the non-treated group to 25%.

Sildenafil Use and Cigarette Smoking Associated with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Rare Case Report.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious condition characterized by bleeding within the brain tissue. Although the use of sildenafil, a vasodilator agent for erectile dysfunction, has been associated with rare cases of ICH, the combination of sildenafil usage and smoking as risk factors for ICH has not yet been reported. This case report describes the occurrence of ICH in a patient with a history of both sildenafil usage and heavy smoking.

The prevalence of urolithiasis in subjects undergoing computer tomography in selected referral diagnostic centers in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Introduction And Objectives: Somalia was predicted to be in the global stone belt with high urolithiasis prevalence. We aimed to determine the prevalence of urolithiasis and their demographic and computer tomography (CT) characteristics among subjects under CT scans in Mogadishu, Somalia. Materials and Methods: From March 2014 to November 2022, a total of 7,276 patients who underwent an abdominopelvic non-contrast CT scan for various indications were retrospectively reviewed.

BACKSLIDING ON CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS DUE TO ONGOING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN BANADIR REGION, SOMALIA.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a global public health crisis. During the pandemic, considerable delay was observed making it impossible for some children to receive their due vaccines on time. Like most resource-poor countries, COVID-19 pandemic is thought to have a negative impact on Somalia's immunization coverage.

A Late Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis Using Tru-Cut Biopsy of the Spleen and Malaria Co-Infection - A Diagnostic Challenge: A Case Report in Somalia.

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is fatal neglected parasitic illness caused by . The diagnosis remains a challenge due to the non-specific clinical symptoms, especially in areas where infections like malaria and limited access to diagnostic tools coexist. Here, we describe a case of late diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using tru-cut biopsy of the spleen and malaria co-infection.

Fatal subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in an 8-year-old male: a case report.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a chronic slow progressive neurodegenerative disease that is often associated with measles complications. The disease is characterized by seizures, behavioral changes, motor deficit and eventually death. In this case report we discuss the case of an 8-year-old male who developed SSPE and was presented to our hospital with a history of generalized tonic colonic convulsion followed by gait abnormality, episodes, abnormal behaviors, and cognitive regression.

Retrospective Evaluation of Nosocomial Bacterial Infections and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns Among Hospitalized Patients in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Background: Nosocomial infection constitutes a significant public health challenge globally, with resource-limited countries bearing the greatest burden. Sadly, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of these pathogens have worsened the already precarious situation.

Methods: This study aimed to determine the incidence of nosocomial infections, the causative agents, and their antimicrobial susceptibilities among patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.

HOW MISUSE OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS IS EXACERBATING THE CHALLENGES FACING SOMALIA'S PUBLIC HEALTH.

Background: In contrast to most developed countries, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has continued to be a serious challenge to public health in the majority of resource-limited countries in Africa.

Materials And Method: A comprehensive review of all available literature reporting on antimicrobial resistance patterns, antimicrobial drug usage in both human and animals, as well as national AMR regulations in Somalia was undertaken.

Results: The review observed that successful AMR control and surveillance among resource-poor nations are affected by a lack of infrastructural and institutional capacities, poor investment in human and material resources, as well as non-adherence to available policies.

Investigation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies among the paediatric population in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Background: We undertook this cross-sectional study to determine the level of circulating anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG) in children, as well as to evaluate other potential risk factors.

Methods: Children attending the outpatient department of the SOS and Benadir Hospitals in Mogadishu from 26 July to 8 August 2021 were selected following parental consent. The children (aged <18 y) were screened using the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapid test lateral flow immune-assay kit.

COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage and Potential Drivers of Vaccine Uptake among Healthcare Workers in SOMALIA: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are one of the most vulnerable groups for contracting COVID-19 and dying as a result of it. Over 10,000 HCWs in Africa have been infected with COVID-19, according to the World Health Organization, making it a substantial occupational health threat for HCWs. To that end, Somalia’s Ministry of Health has ordered that all healthcare personnel obtain the COVID-19 vaccination to safeguard themselves and the community they serve.

Transverse testicular ectopia with persistent mullerian duct syndrome: Misdiagnosis and surgeon's unexpected discovery: A case report.

Reports on the occurrence of persistent mullerian duct syndrome along with transverse testicular ectopia are extremely rare globally. In this condition, the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and upper two-thirds of vagina occurs alongside transverse testicular ectopia. In most cases, the condition is discovered as an incidental finding during surgical procedures.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus antibodies and sociodemographic features of pregnant women in Mogadishu, Somalia: a cross-sectional survey study.

Objective: Recent investigations have revealed that COVID-19 during pregnancy substantially increases the risk of harmful outcomes for mothers and neonates, including preterm death and stillbirth as well as severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Hence, the urgent need to understand the prevalence rate and level of awareness about COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 virus infection) and the practice of preventive measures against the disease among pregnant women in Somalia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 among pregnant women seeking antenatal care in the Benadir region (Mogadishu) of Somalia and to assess their knowledge and preventive practices towards COVID-19.

A Rare Case of Oral Papillomatosis in a Goat Kid.

The clinical management and outcome of a case of caprine papillomatosis in a 2-week-old kid goat was reported. Based on the PCR result, contagious ecthyma (CE) was ruled out. Based on the history and physical examination findings, the case was diagnosed as severe clinical case of papillomatosis in a goat's kid.

Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Benadir Region, Somalia.

Only little is known about the true extent of COVID-19 in Somalia. The study aims to assess the seroprevalence of the COVID-19 pandemics in the Benadir region using SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and estimate the number of inhabitants infected with SARS-CoV-2. Population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted to measure the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the Benadir region (Mogadishu city).

Virulence Gene Profile, Antimicrobial Resistance and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Subsp. Serovar Enteritidis from Chickens and Chicken Products.

This study was undertaken to determine the virulence, antimicrobial resistance and molecular subtypes of in the Central Region of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 45 Enteritidis were detected from live chicken (cloacal swab), and chicken products (fresh and ready-to-eat meat) samples upon cultural isolation and serotyping. Similarly, an antimicrobial susceptibility test based on the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method as well as antimicrobial resistance AMR genes, virulence determinants and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) typing were conducted after the Whole Genome Sequencing and analysis of the isolates.

Discerning the Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence, and Phylogenetic Relatedness of Isolates Across the Human, Poultry, and Food Materials Sources in Malaysia.

subspecies serovar Enteritidis is one of the major foodborne zoonotic pathogens globally. It has significantly impacted human health and global trade. In this investigation, whole-genome sequencing was employed to determine the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern of a collection of Enteritidis isolated from humans, poultry, and food sources.

Occurrence and Phenotypic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Patients in a Public Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Purpose: This study reports a cross-sectional investigation to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the common bacterial contaminants isolated from hospitalized patients in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Materials And Methods: A total of 328 clinical samples comprising urine, blood, vaginal swab, pus aspirates, and stool were collected from a public hospital located in Mogadishu the capital city of Somalia between October 2019 to March 2020. The isolation and biochemical characterization of the bacterial isolates were performed using the conventional culture and biochemical assay tests.

Dressed chicken as potential vehicle for spread of methicillin-resistant in Sokoto, Nigeria.

Aim: To evaluate the role of dressed chicken in the spread of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in Sokoto, Nigeria.

Materials & Methods: 190 chicken carcass rinsates were subjected to culture and biochemical analyses to isolate and identify MRSA. PCR was used to amplify mecA gene that is responsible for methicillin resistance.