Solid-State NMR Study of Hydrochars Produced from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Poultry Litter.

Poultry litter (PL) hydrochars obtained at different temperatures and charring times were characterized by solid-state H, C and P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. C NMR spectra obtained with cross polarization (CP) and magic-angle spinning evidenced the chemical and structural changes suffered by PL during its transformation into hydrochar; these changes were particularly dependent on the production temperature rather than the residence time. The hydrochars were essentially composed of aromatic and alkyl domains at the temperature of 250 °C.

Hydrothermal carbonisation of poultry litter: Effects of initial pH on yields and chemical properties of hydrochars.

In this study, hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) of poultry litter (PL) was carried out to evaluate the impact of initial pH using acetic acid (CHCOOH) or sulfuric acid (HSO) on the yields and properties of hydrochar (HC). The PL samples were treated by HTC at various initial pH and at 250°C for 2h. The HCs produced were characterized by ultimate, proximate and fibre analyses as well as heating value and surface area measurements.

Hydrothermal carbonisation of poultry litter: Effects of treatment temperature and residence time on yields and chemical properties of hydrochars.

In this study, hydrochars were prepared by hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) of poultry litter (PL) at temperatures between 150-300°C with residence times of 30, 120 and 480min. The effects of treatment temperature and residence time on the yield and composition of hydrochar were investigated. Both treatment temperature and residence time effects were observed however, the effect of residence time was lower.