Medulloblastoma Molecular Subgrouping and Outcomes Data of a Single Center From a Low- and Middle-Income Country.

Introduction: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor. Molecular subgrouping of MB has become a major determinant of management in high-income countries. Subgrouping is still very limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and its relevance to management with the incorporation of risk stratification (low risk, standard risk, high risk, and very high risk) has yet to be evaluated in this setting.

Frequency and Impact of Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Patients With High-Grade Glioma, a Retrospective Analysis of 7 Years in Pakistan: an IRRDC Study.

Purpose: Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is a genetic cancer predisposition syndrome among children and young adults. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of CMMRD among patients with pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) in a single tertiary care center in Pakistan, a country with high consanguinity rates.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed the data of patients age <18 years with pHGG, anaplastic astrocytoma, and diffuse midline glioma (DMG) with CMMRD testing between 2016 and 2023.

Androgen deprivation therapy use and the risk of heart failure in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aim: We aimed in this study to investigate the relationship between Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) use and the risk of heart failure in patients with prostate cancer. In this research, the negative or positive effects of ADT in the development of cardiovascular diseases or its exacerbation in people with prostate cancer have been investigated.

Materials And Methods: For this research, we reviewed articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases until February 2024.

Optimized nano-scaled drain- and gate-engineered Schottky barrier MOSFET with improved ambipolarity and RF characteristics.

In this work, a novel Schottky Barrier MOSFET (SB-MOSFET) structure is presented. The proposed device consists of a dual-material gate and electrostatically doped drain, and the device is denoted as Gate and Drain Engineered Schottky Barrier MOSFET (GDE-SBMOSFET). The use of a dual-material gate and electrostatically doped drain enhances the ON state performance and short channel performance, respectively, in comparison to state-of-the-art devices.

Ethics challenges in implementing the International Health Regulations in Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Pakistan, with its diverse points of entry, faced several challenges with implementing the International Health Regulations (IHR) ethically during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim: To explore the perceptions of point of entry health workers regarding the ethics challenges in implementing the IHR during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: From December 2022 to March 2023, this qualitative study conducted 10 focused group discussions and key informant interviews with 40 participants from 10 points of entry in Pakistan and reviewed COVID-19 containment guidelines.

SARS-CoV-2 S protein harbors furin cleavage site located in a short loop between antiparallel β-strand.

Furin cleavage site (FCS) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, which connects the S1/S2 junction, is essential for facilitating fusion with the host cells. Wild-type (Wt) SARS-CoV-2 S protein, PDB ID: 6yvb, lacks a sequence of amino acid residues, including the FCS that links the S1/S2 junction. For the first time, we demonstrated that a stretch of 14 amino acid residues (677QTNSPRRARSVASQ689) forms an antiparallel β-sheet comprising of PRRAR sequence in the FCS within a short loop.

An overview of critical applications of resistive random access memory.

The rapid advancement of new technologies has resulted in a surge of data, while conventional computers are nearing their computational limits. The prevalent von Neumann architecture, where processing and storage units operate independently, faces challenges such as data migration through buses, leading to decreased computing speed and increased energy loss. Ongoing research aims to enhance computing capabilities through the development of innovative chips and the adoption of new system architectures.

Impacts of hospitals users' characteristics on perceptions of the physical environment.

Recently hospital managers and designers become more interested in 'patient centered design' (PCD) through the integration of patients' perceptions and expectations of the hospitals' physical environment. This increased interest in PCD indicates the improved understanding of the impacts of hospital's physical environment on all users including patients, families and hospital staff. Literature shows that incorporating users' perceptions of the physical environment during the design process is very important to produce PCD.

Case of embryonal tumor multilayered rosettes in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Background: ETMR is a unique and highly malignant brain tumor mostly occurring in infants. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical presentation, histological aspects, radiological features, and therapeutic options of ETMR. Being the first report on the co-occurrence of NF1 with ETMR, it highlight the challenges of managing a patient with complex medical conditions.

Timing of radiotherapy (RT) after radical prostatectomy (RP): long-term outcomes in the RADICALS-RT trial (NCT00541047).

Background: The optimal timing of radiotherapy (RT) after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer has been uncertain. RADICALS-RT compared efficacy and safety of adjuvant RT versus an observation policy with salvage RT for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure.

Patients And Methods: RADICALS-RT was a randomised controlled trial enrolling patients with ≥1 risk factor (pT3/4, Gleason 7-10, positive margins, preoperative PSA≥10 ng/ml) for recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Capacity building for pediatric neuro-oncology in Pakistan- a project by my child matters program of Foundation S.

Introduction: Initiated in June 2019, this collaborative effort involved 15 public and private sector hospitals in Pakistan. The primary objective was to enhance the capacity for pediatric neuro-oncology (PNO) care, supported by a My Child Matters/Foundation S grant.

Methods: We aimed to establish and operate Multidisciplinary Tumor Boards (MTBs) on a national scale, covering 76% of the population (185.

Multisectoral action to address noncommunicable diseases: lessons from three country case studies.

Introduction: Multisectoral action is a central component of the global response to the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In this paper we aimed to unpack the definition of multisectoral action and provide an overview of the historical context, challenges, and recommendations alongside three country case studies: salt reduction in the UK, tobacco legislation in Nigeria, and regulation of edible oils in Iran.

Methods: We used an iterative review process to select three country case studies from a list of 20 potential cases previously identified by WHO.

Heartbeats in Distress: Unveiling Cardiac Sarcoidosis Through Palpitations.

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), a rare complication of systemic sarcoidosis, can have subtle or no symptoms. It is characterized by granuloma formation in the myocardium, which can occur in isolation or alongside systemic sarcoidosis. Clinical manifestations include conduction system disorders (e.

Pattern and value of Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index and its correlation with spermiogram in infertile South West Nigerian Men.

Semen analysis has been used for a long time to assess male fertility due to its limitations sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), which describes the sperm DNA's condition, is an appropriate criterion for assessing male fertility. This study evaluated the pattern and value of DFI of infertile men in the South West of Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study that recruited two hundred and eighty-seven (287) patients from two fertility centers in Lagos, Nigeria.

Emerging trends of carbon emissions and foreign direct investment: accounting for ecological footprints, renewable energy, globalization, and technological innovations in BRICS.

This paper investigates the intricate interplay between carbon emissions and foreign direct investment within the context of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) for the period spanning 2000 to 2022. In our comprehensive analysis, we incorporate ecological footprint, renewable energy, globalization, and technological innovations as exogenous variables. Employing a system of simultaneous equations across the BRICS panel, we aim to fully elucidate the proposed relationships.

Health research prioritization in Somalia: setting the agenda for context specific knowledge to advance universal health coverage.

Introduction: Despite recognition that health research is an imperative to progress toward universal health coverage, resources for health research are limited. Yet, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, more than 85% of the resources available for health research are spent on answering less relevant research questions. This misalignment is partially due to absence of locally determined health research priorities.

PAKistan Study of prEmature coronary atHerosclerosis in young AdulTs (PAK-SEHAT): a prospective longitudinal study protocol investigating the prevalence, severity and determinants of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the young adult Pakistani population.

Introduction: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and health expenditures worldwide. Despite having higher ASCVD in the Pakistani population, data on subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in young Pakistanis remain scarce. The PAKistan Study of prEmature coronary atHerosclerosis in young AdulTs (PAK-SEHAT) aims to assess the prevalence, severity and determinants of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis among Pakistani men (35-60 years) and women (35-65 years) free of clinically symptomatic ASCVD and will assess 5-year rates of ASCVD events.

To study the synthesis and characterization of SrO-MgO-SiO system in biological and dielectric applications.

Ternary ceramic samples comprising SrO-MgO-SiO with varying element concentrations were synthesized using the solid-state method and sintered at 800°C. To characterize the properties of the samples, several analysis techniques were employed. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was utilized for structural analysis, FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify bonds, SEM provided morphological analysis, biocompatibility was assessed through Vitro testing, microhardness was evaluated using Vickers testing, and dielectric analysis was performed to investigate electrical properties.

Ground water quality evaluation using hydrogeochemical characterization and novel machine learning in the Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria.

The investigation collected 50 random water samples from wells and bore holes in the five wards. In the meantime, the Water Quality Index (WQI) in this region was assessed using a novel machine learning model. In this sphere of science, the Emotional Artificial Neural Network (EANN) was used as an innovative technique.

Pakistan National Guidelines for Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas.

Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is highly malignant central nervous system tumor and constitute 10% of the pediatric gliomas. Effective treatment needs a functioning multi-disciplinary team including pediatric neuro oncologist, neurosurgeon, neuroradiologist, neuropathologist and radiation oncologist. Despite surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, most HGG will recur resulting in early death.

Cyanotoxins, biosynthetic gene clusters, and factors modulating cyanotoxin biosynthesis.

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are a global environmental concern that encompasses public health issues, water availability, and water quality owing to the production of various secondary metabolites (SMs), including cyanotoxins in freshwater, brackish water, and marine ecosystems. The frequency, extent, magnitude, and duration of CHABs are increasing globally. Cyanobacterial species traits and changing environmental conditions, including anthropogenic pressure, eutrophication, and global climate change, together allow cyanobacteria to thrive.

National Cancer Registry of Pakistan: First Comprehensive Report of Cancer Statistics 2015-2019.

Objective: To compile a comprehensive national cancer registry report of Pakistan by merging and analysing cancer registration data received from major functional cancer registries in various parts of Pakistan.

Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Islamabad, from 2015-2019.

Determinants of Adherence to Antihypertension Medications Among Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan, 2019.

Introduction: Medication nonadherence leads to poor health outcomes, frequent complications, and high economic impact. Our objective was to assess the determinants of adherence to medication regimens among patients with hypertension.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with hypertension attending the cardiology clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan.