Metformin-loaded nanoparticles reduce hyperglycemia-associated oxidative stress and induce eNOS phosphorylation in vascular endothelial cells.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by metabolic defects, including insulin deficiency and resistance. Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular complications, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and hypertension. Conventional treatment methods, though effective, are often challenging, costly, and may lead to systemic side effects.

Molluscicidal Activity of Extracts and Fractions From , , and Against and Snails.

: Schistosomiasis continues to be a major public health concern in Ethiopia. Eliminating the intermediate host snails is an effective and cost-efficient strategy for preventing and controlling schistosomiasis transmission. However, chemical molluscicides have limitations due to their toxicity to nontarget aquatic organisms, environmental concerns, and the development of resistance.

Epidemiology of infection at a tertiary care facility in Saudi Arabia: Results of prospective surveillance.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of infection (CDI) and the frequency of known risk factors.

Methods: A prospective hospital-based surveillance for CDI, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria, was carried out from July 2019 to March 2022 for all inpatients aged more than one year in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Results: A total of 139 cases of CDI were identified during the survey among 130 patients admitted in the hospital.

Emergency Department Frequentation and Unscheduled Visits of Liver Transplant Patients: Ten Years Experience in Tertiary Care Center, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction and objectives Liver transplantation and its indications represent an increased burden on patients' health. This can be represented in a variety of ways, such as in emergency visits, unscheduled clinic visits, and unanticipated admissions. This study aims to analyze emergency department (ED) visits, the most common presenting complaints, and the outcomes of those visits.

Entropy analysis on EMHD 3D micropolar tri-hybrid nanofluid flow of solar radiative slendering sheet by a machine learning algorithm.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the heat transfer behavior of the electromagnetic 3D micropolar tri-hybrid nanofluid flow of a solar radiative slendering sheet with non-Fourier heat flux model. The conversion of solar radiation into thermal energy is an area of significant interest as the demand for renewable heat and power continues to grow. Due to their enhanced ability to promote heat transmission, nanofluids can significantly contribute to enhancing the efficiency of solar-thermal systems.

Enhancing the use of geographic information systems for public health planning and decision-making in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.

From distributing healthcare resources equitably to identifying disease outbreaks, most of the information needs of local health system decision-makers have a geographic component (1). Recognizing the value of geographic information systems for public health planning and decision-making, a 2007 resolution by the Regional Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) called upon Member States to develop institutional frameworks, policies, processes, and to provide the infrastructure and resources needed to support health mapping activities in EMR (2).

Mapping of national population-based surveys for better reporting of health-related indicators in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Background: Population-based surveys are the main data source to generate health-related indicators required to monitor progress toward national, regional and global goals effectively. Although the Eastern Mediterranean Region of World Health Organization (WHO) member states conduct many population-based surveys, they are not led regularly and fail to provide relevant indicators appropriately. Therefore, this study aims two-fold: to map out population-based surveys to be conducted data for the health-related indicators in the Region and propose a timetable for conducting national population-based surveys in the Region.

The Activity of Plant Crude Extracts against .

Background: remains a significant health problem in low-income countries. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis, and PZQ resistance is a potential threat towards control of the disease although PZQ is currently effective against all species of schistosomes. Moreover, PZQ is less efficacious against larval stages.

Mite pests and their predators on seven vegetable crops (Arachnida: Acari).

During this study the frequency of occurrence and dominance of phytophagous and predatory mites harboring seven vegetable crops in Egypt, namely common bean, cowpea, eggplant, okra, squash, sweet pepper and sweet potato during 2017-2018 were investigated to identify predatory mites that might be useful for the biological control of the phytophagous mites. Three phytophagous and nine predatory mite species were surveyed. The two spotted spider mite Koch of the family Tetranychidae was the dominant pest on these vegetables, while phytoseiids (Athias- Henriot), (Athias- Henriot) and Chant were the dominant predators.

Exploring the heat transfer and entropy generation of Ag/Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]-blood nanofluid flow in a porous tube: a collocation solution.

 Evaluating the entropy generation is essential in thermal systems to avoid the unnecessarily wasted thermal energy during the thermal processes. Nowadays, researchers are greatly fascinated to scrutinize the entropy generation in a human system because it is utilized as a thermodynamic approach to understand the heat transfer characteristics of cancer systems or wounded tissue and their accessibility status. Further, numerous nanoparticles have been employed as an agent to control the heat transfer of blood and wounded tissue.

Preoperative Right Heart Dysfunction and Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices.

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common cause of morbidity among patients supported by left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). The aim of this study was to identify if pre-LVAD right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is associated with risk of GIB after LVAD implantation. Of 398 patients implanted with LVADs between July 2008 and July 2016, 130 (33%) developed GIB at a median of 2.

Elevated Heart Rate Following Heart Transplantation Is Associated With Increased Graft Vasculopathy and Mortality.

Background: The effect of elevated heart rate (HR) on outcomes after heart transplantation (HT) has not been well established. The aim of this study was to assess predictors of elevated HR following HT and its impact on outcomes.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively evaluated 394 patients who underwent HT at 2 academic medical centers from 2005 to 2016.

Diuretic activity of the aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion of (Baker f.) Cufod. leaves in rats.

(Baker f.) Cufod. is a medicinal plant that has been used for the treatment of different ailments such as hypertension and diabetes in Ethiopia.

Effects of N-acetyl-seryl-asparyl-lysyl-proline on blood pressure, renal damage, and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a high prevalence of hypertension. NZBWF1 (SLE-Hyp) mice develop hypertension that can be prevented by modulating T cells. The peptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) decreases renal damage and improves renal function in a model of SLE without hypertension (MRL/lpr).

Evaluation of anthelmintic potential of the Ethiopian medicinal plant Embelia schimperi Vatke in vivo and in vitro against some intestinal parasites.

Background: Embelia schimperi has been used for the treatment of intestinal parasites especially tapeworm infestations for centuries in Ethiopia. However, there is lack of scientific based evidences regarding the efficacy, safety and phytochemical analysis of this plant despite its frequent use as an anthelmintic. This study has therefore evaluated the efficacy and acute toxicity of E.

Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.

Mitochondrial disease is a heterogeneous group of multisystemic diseases that develop consequent to mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA. The prevalence of inherited mitochondrial disease has been estimated to be greater than 1 in 5,000 births; however, the diagnosis and treatment of this disease are not taught in most adult-cardiology curricula. Because mitochondrial diseases often occur as a syndrome with resultant multiorgan dysfunction, they might not immediately appear to be specific to the cardiovascular system.

Cardiac amyloidosis masquerading as biventricular hypertrophy in a patient with multiple myeloma.

Cardiac amyloidosis or amyloid cardiomyopathy is a rare disorder characterised by extracellular deposition of insoluble polymers composed of low-molecular-weight subunit proteins within the myocardium. This often results in an infiltrative cardiomyopathy with restrictive pathophysiology, leading to progressive heart failure. In this report, we present an interesting case of cardiac amyloidosis that eventually led to the diagnosis of underlying multiple myeloma in a patient with no previous cardiac history.

Interaction of metal chelators with different molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and its significance in Alzheimer's disease treatment.

The peripheral anionic site (PAS) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is involved in amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides aggregation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AChE exhibits an aryl acylamidase (AAA) activity along with the well known esterase activity. Numerous studies have reported the beneficiary effect of metal chelators in AD treatment.

Critical role for IL-17A/F in the immunopathogenesis of obliterative airway disease induced by Anti-MHC I antibodies.

Background: The IL-17 axis is implicated in pathogenesis of chronic rejection after human lung transplantation. Using a murine model of obliterative airway disease (OAD), we recently demonstrated that Abs to MHC class I antigens can induce immune responses to self-antigens that contributes to immunopathogenesis of chronic rejection. Using a murine model of OAD, we determined the role of IL-17 family members in induction of autoimmunity leading to OAD after ligation of MHC class I.

Characterization of HCV-specific CD4+Th17 immunity in recurrent hepatitis C-induced liver allograft fibrosis.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence with accelerated fibrosis following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is a universal phenomenon. To evaluate mechanisms contributing to HCV induced allograft fibrosis/cirrhosis, we investigated HCV-specific CD4+Th17 cells and their induction in OLT recipients with recurrence utilizing 51 HCV+ OLT recipients, 15 healthy controls and 9 HCV- OLT recipients. Frequency of HCV specific CD4+ Tcells secreting IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-10 was analyzed by ELISpot.

Immune response to extracellular matrix collagen in chronic hepatitis C-induced liver fibrosis.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are associated with the remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) components [particularly collagen (Col)], which leads to fibrosis. Our aim was to determine whether the development of antibodies (Abs) to self-antigen Col in HCV-infected patients correlates with the fibrosis stage and the peripheral cytokine response. Patients with chronic HCV infection, patients with HCV recurrence after OLT who had undergone a biopsy procedure, and healthy control subjects were enrolled.

A role for antibodies to human leukocyte antigens, collagen-V, and K-α1-Tubulin in antibody-mediated rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

Background: We determined the role of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and antibodies (Abs) to self-antigens, collagen-V (Col-V), and K-α1-Tubulin (KAT) in pathogenesis of acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) after human heart transplantation (HTx).

Methods: One hundred thirty-seven HTx recipients, with 60 early period (≤ 12 months) and 77 late period (>12 months), were enrolled in this study. Circulating DSA was determined using LUMINEX.