Lung parenchymal and pleural findings on computed tomography after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Introduction: Lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but the imaging characteristics of lung parenchymal and pleural abnormalities in these patients have not been well-characterized. We aimed to describe the incidence of lung parenchymal and pleural findings among patients who had return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and who underwent computed tomography (CT) of the chest after OHCA.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at two academic hospitals from 2014 to 2019.

The role of imaging in the management of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a practical review.

The purpose of this review is to understand the role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH is a life-threatening emergency and a relatively common entity, the most common etiology being ruptured aneurysms. Multiple conundrums exist in literature at various steps of its imaging workup: diagnosis, management, and follow-up.

Comparison of time-of-flight MR angiography and intracranial vessel wall MRI for luminal measurements relative to CT angiography.

Objective: To assess whether intracranial vessel wall (IVW) MRI luminal measurements are more accurate than non-contrast 3D-TOF-MRA measurements for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, relative to CTA.

Methods: Consecutive patients with non-calcified intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis seen on CTA, who had non-contrast 3D-TOF-MRA and IVW performed between 1 January 2013 and 20 April 2014 were selected, and images with stenosis were pre-selected by a single independent rater. The pre-selected CTA, MRA, and IVW (-weighted) images were then reviewed by two independent raters blinded to the other measurements in random order.

Anatomical landmarks for cochlear implantatıon in ossifıed cochleas.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to introduce the facial nerve as a new anatomical landmark which can be used in ossified cochleas during cochlear implantation. We also set out to define a safe line to preserve the internal auditory canal (IAC) while drilling the basal turn of the cochlea.

Methods: Thirty patients who had temporal computed tomography (CT) were studied.

Limited positive predictive value of diffusion tensor tractography in determining clinically relevant white matter damage in brain stem cavernous malformations: A retrospective study in a single center surgical cohort.

Purpose: Diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) might reflect the postoperative clinical outcome of the patients with brain stem (BS) tumors correlating well with the neurological symptoms, but cavernous malformation (CM) is a hemorrhagic tumor prone to artifacts that may limit DTT. We set out to determine the correlation of DTT findings with the neurological examination before and after surgical resection in patients with BSCMs.

Materials And Methods: DTT findings were evaluated bilaterally for fiber tract displacement or deviation, deformation and interruption in every patient before and after the surgery.

Fast kilovoltage-switching dual-energy CT offering lower x-ray dose than single-energy CT for the chest: a quantitative and qualitative comparison study of the two methods of acquisition.

Purpose: We aimed to compare the size-specific dose estimates (SSDE), computed tomography (CT) dose indices and image quality parameters of the chest CTs obtained with fast kilovoltage-switching (FKS) dual-energy (DE) CT versus those with single-energy (SE) CT.

Methods: Patients who had chest SECT within the last 6 months were prospectively scanned with chest FKS-DECT. Quantitative comparison was made by calculating the mean SSDE, CTDIvol, contrast, noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for both acquisitions.

Safety of transarterial radioembolization with Yttrium-90 glass microspheres without cystic artery occlusion.

Purpose: To assess radiation-induced cholecystitis in cases of cystic artery origin nearby the treatment zone for transarterial radioembolization (TARE) treatment.

Materials And Methods: Patients with primary or secondary malignant liver tumors treated with TARE, in whom cystic artery was located in the surrounding area of the treatment zone on 99m-technetium-MAA angiograms, were included in this study. Whole liver dose, tumor dose and healthy injected liver dose, lung dose and if applicable the gallbladder dose were all calculated by using the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) formula from SPECT-CT images.

Aripiprazole for the Treatment of Inappropriate Sexual Behavior: Case Report of an Alzheimer's Disease Patient Known as Heterosexual with Recently Shifted Sexual Orientation to Same Gender.

Although inappropriate sexual behavior in dementia is not common, it can be extremely troublesome for healthcare professionals and caregivers as well as patients themselves. There is paucity of data in the literature for the management of these behaviors, but the limited available data suggest efficiency of some commonly used treatment modalities. Herein, we present a 74-year old Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient, known to be heterosexual throughout her past life, presenting with a recent display of same-sex inappropriate sexual behavior six years after the initial diagnosis of her disease.

Intermediate catheter placement distal to the cerebral aneurysm during flow diversion embolization with the Surpass device.

Purpose: We present the preliminary angiographic and clinical results of the combined utilization of an AXS Catalyst 5 (Cat5) distal access catheter and a Surpass flow diverter (SFD) for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Materials And Methods: Interventional neuroradiology case records were evaluated retrospectively to identify patients treated with an SFD in combination with Cat5. Demographic data, technical success, location of the catheter tip, aneurysm occlusion rate, and procedure-related morbidity and mortality were noted.

Accuracy of routine fat-suppressed FLAIR and diffusion-weighted images in detecting clinically evident acute optic neuritis.

Background: Contrast-enhanced, fat-suppressed T1-weighted imaging (CET1WI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is quite sensitive in detecting acute optic neuritis (ON), but ON remains a clinical diagnosis. MRI is indicated to evaluate demyelinating brain lesions rather than the optic nerves, while "routine" brain protocols typically include axial FLAIR and DWI.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of axial, fat-suppressed FLAIR and DWI sequences used for our routine brain imaging in detecting acute ON, as compared to CET1WI and the clinical diagnosis.

The role of the resistive index in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a sonographic pilot study in children.

Objective: The role of Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of diffuse thyroid diseases is not well established. In particular, Doppler ultrasonography findings in children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis are very limited. We examined gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound findings in Hashimoto's thyroiditis in children in an attempt to understand the feasibility of future prospective controlled studies.

Comparison of the diagnostic utility of electromyography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome determined by clinical findings.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve entrapment syndrome. It is sometimes difficult to diagnose, and a late diagnosis may result in permanent nerve damage. Electromyography (EMG), ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) may be performed for the diagnosis.

Diffusion-tensor imaging assessment of white matter maturation in childhood and adolescence.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test a first hypothesis that fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values continue to change in late childhood and adolescence and a second hypothesis that less mature white matter (WM) regions have a higher rate of change than WM regions that are relatively more mature.

Subjects And Methods: Eighty-seven healthy children (50 girls, 37 boys; mean age, 11.2 ± 3.

Causes of misinterpretation of cross-sectional imaging studies for dissection of the craniocervical arteries.

Objective: This review presents some of the more common causes of false-positive and false-negative interpretations of cross-sectional imaging studies showing, or designed to show, dissection of the carotid or vertebral arteries.

Conclusion: Dissection of the craniocervical arteries is a diagnosis that can be very difficult on cross-sectional imaging studies such as CT angiography, MRI, and MR angiography.

Frequency of various brain parenchymal findings of early cerebral ischemia on unenhanced CT scans.

The purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of various unenhanced computed tomography (CT) findings of early cerebral ischemia within brain parenchyma, which could be useful to the radiologist who is interpreting CT studies by indicating the CT finding that is most likely to be present in early cerebral ischemia. We analyzed articles reporting the use of unenhanced CT in acute cerebral ischemia over the period 1976-2009 for frequency of the following brain parenchyma signs: loss of insular ribbon, obscuration of lentiform nucleus, sulcal effacement, and parenchymal hypodensity. We recorded data for the 2-, 3-, 6-, and 12-h intervals after symptom onset from various studies and (1) calculated percent of time intervals in which >50% of patients exhibited the finding in any study and (2) pooled results for patients reported as having a specific CT finding during a specific time interval.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint compared with magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: We compared high-resolution ultrasonography with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as the gold standard, to evaluate lateral and anterior capsule-condyle distances to detect disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint.

Materials And Methods: This study included 28 patients (19 female and 9 male; age range, 16-51 years; mean age, 32.82 years), and in total, 56 joints were assessed with ultrasonography and MRI.