Population pharmacokinetics of unbound cefazolin in infected hospitalized patients requiring intermittent high-flux haemodialysis: can a three-times-weekly post-dialysis dosing regimen provide optimal treatment?

Objectives: To describe the population pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in infected hospitalized patients requiring intermittent haemodialysis (IHD).

Methods: This prospective population pharmacokinetic study was conducted in IHD patients prescribed cefazolin 2 g three times weekly. Plasma samples were collected at prespecified timepoints and assayed for total and unbound concentrations using validated LC.

Engagement and partnership with consumers and communities in the co-design and conduct of Research: Lessons from the INtravenous iron polymaltose for First Nations Australian patients with high FERRitin levels on haemodialysis (INFERR) clinical trial.

Background: Engagement and partnership with consumers and communities throughout research processes produces high quality research meeting community needs and promoting translation of research into improved policy and practice. Partnership is critical in research involving Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people (First Nations Peoples) to ensure cultural safety. We present lessons from the design, implementation and progress of the National Health and Medical Research Council funded INtravenous iron polymaltose for First Nations Australian patients with high FERRitin levels on hemodialysis (INFERR) clinical trial.

Validating a novel three-times-weekly post-hemodialysis ceftriaxone regimen in infected Indigenous Australian patients-a population pharmacokinetic study.

Objectives: To describe the total and unbound population pharmacokinetics of a 2 g three-times-weekly post-dialysis ceftriaxone regimen in Indigenous Australian patients requiring hemodialysis.

Methods: A pharmacokinetic study was carried out in the dialysis unit of a remote Australian hospital. Adult Indigenous patients on intermittent hemodialysis (using a high-flux dialyzer) and treated with a 2 g three-times-weekly ceftriaxone regimen were recruited.

Prevalence of blood-borne viruses and hepatitis B vaccination status among haemodialysis patients in Central Australia.

Objective: A cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of blood-borne viruses and hepatitis B vaccination status in haemodialysis patients in Central Australia.

Methods: Our study comprised 366 Aboriginal and 1 non-Indigenous Australian in Central Australia who had commenced haemodialysis between January 1996 and December 2019.

Results: Chronic hepatitis B infection was seen in 8.

Oral health of aboriginal people with kidney disease living in Central Australia.

Background: Associations between kidney disease and periodontal disease are not well documented among Aboriginal people of Australia. The purpose of this investigation was to report and compare demographic, oral health, anthropometric and systemic health status of Aboriginal Australians with kidney disease and to compare against relevant Aboriginal Australians and Australian population estimates. This provides much needed evidence to inform dental health service provision policies for Aboriginal Australians with kidney disease.

Barriers and challenges of returning patients back to community after renal transplantation in Central Australia.

Background: The majority of patients living in remote communities of Central Australia must relocate to Alice Springs for their dialysis treatments. There is limited information available about the challenges and barriers that Aboriginal patients encounter in the process of returning back to their communities after renal transplantation.

Aim: To determine the length of stay of patients in Alice Springs and challenges faced subsequent to renal transplantation, before they could safely return to their remote communities.

Lessons learned from a periodontal intervention to reduce progression of chronic kidney disease among Aboriginal Australians.

Objective: Periodontal disease is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with both conditions being highly prevalent among Australia's Aboriginal population. This paper reflects on the lessons learned following implementation of a periodontal intervention in the Central Australian region of the Northern Territory among Aboriginal adults with CKD.

Results: Between Oct 2016 and May 2019, research staff recruited 102 eligible participants.

Resource use and outcomes in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease admitted to intensive care.

Background: Central Australia (CA) has a high prevalence of haemodialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD5D). CKD5D is associated with an increased need for critical care services.

Aims: To describe the demographic features, critical care resource use and outcomes of patients with CKD5D requiring intensive care admission in CA.

Analysis of clinical presentation, pathological spectra, treatment and outcomes of biopsy-proven acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis in adult indigenous people of the Northern Territory of Australia.

Aim: Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is common in indigenous communities in the Northern Territory, Australia. It is a major risk factor for the high prevalence of chronic kidney disease. We aimed to analyse the clinical presentation, pathological spectra, treatment and outcomes of biopsy-proven acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis in the Northern Territory.

Gel Foam Renal Artery Embolization for Life-threatening Renal Haemorrhage.

Introduction: Renal artery embolization (RAE) is an important treatment option for patients with acute renal haemorrhage. Many types of embolic agents are presently available. We describe here the use of gel foam embolization for the treatment of acute renal haemorrhage.

Periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease among Aboriginal adults; an RCT.

Background: This study will assess measures of vascular health and inflammation in Aboriginal Australian adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and determine if intensive periodontal intervention improves cardiovascular health, progression of renal disease and periodontal health over a 24-month follow-up.

Methods: The study will be a randomised controlled trial. All participants will receive the periodontal intervention benefits, with the delayed intervention group receiving periodontal treatment 24 months following baseline.

Rhodococcus equi peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a first in Australia.

A 33-year-old Caucasian man with end-stage renal disease secondary to biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy, managed with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD), presented with PD-related peritonitis, the causal organism being a non-branching Gram-positive bacillus, Rhodococcus equi. Initial empirical Gram positive and negative coverage with cefazolin and ceftazidime was unsuccessful, but following isolation of the organism, and conversion to intraperitoneal vancomycin and oral ciprofloxacin, the peritonitis episode resolved. At day 10, vancomycin was switched to azithromycin for a total of 6 weeks of antimicrobial therapy.

Nonrejection pathology of renal allograft biopsies: 10 years experience from a tertiary care center in north India.

Background: Renal dysfunction in allograft transplant is common and its assessment is done using Revised Banff '97 working classification, which is the accepted formulation for the evaluation of histological appearance of renal allograft biopsies. The nonrejection category under the Banff working classification of renal allograft pathology forms a large group resulting in allograft dysfunction.

Aim: To evaluate the spectrum of histopathological changes seen in renal allograft dysfunction.

Salmonella typhi sepsis and rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure: a rare presentation of a common disease.

Typhoid is associated with a number of complications and is commonly seen in India. Rhabdomyolysis is rarely reported. We report herewith a patient with Salmonella typhi sepsis who presented with rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure.

Renal profile in patients with orthopaedic trauma: a prospective study.

This prospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence of acute renal failure (ARF) and to identify factors contributing to development of ARF in orthopaedic trauma patients. A total of 55 patients who presented over a period of one year with trauma to upper and lower limbs were studied. Patients with renal injury, chest or abdominal injury, isolated fractures of the hands, feet and axial skeleton involvement were excluded.

Spontaneous rupture of tuberculous spleen in a HIV seropositive patient on maintenance hemodialysis.

Spontaneous rupture of the spleen usually occurs secondary to infection, hematological disorders or infiltrative lesions of the spleen. In patients with positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who present with acute abdomen, splenic rupture should be considered as a possible cause and should additionally be investigated for co-infection with tuberculosis. Spontaneous rupture of spleen in asymptomatic patients requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis.

Successful renal transplantation after two separate urinary tract malignancies.

A patient who was treated for renal cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma, later presented with end stage renal disease. He was managed with hemodialysis and later underwent successful renal transplantation. There was no evidence of tumor recurrence nearly nine years post-renal transplantation.

Wasp sting: an unusual fatal outcome.

Wasp stings are not uncommon especially in populations living in proximity of forested areas all over the world. Local manifestations following stings are common and un-usually life threatening anaphylaxis may occur, requiring prompt treatment. Multi organ failure and acute renal failure following wasp stings are rare and histological evaluation suggest acute tubular necrosis secondary to hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis and direct venom toxicity.

Association between diabetic nephropathy and other diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications.

Diabetic nephropathy is found to be significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy and coronary artery disease. Few studies have also shown an association between diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy, and peripheral vascular disease. A cross sectional study was done among consecutive type 2 diabetics presenting to Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana from June 2004 to May 2005.

Tuberculosis in a renal allograft: a successful outcome.

Tuberculosis is endemic in most South-East Asian countries including India. It causes significant morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients and often, it is not diagnosed early, due to its innocuous clinical presentations. A high index of suspicion and proactive management in the early phase of presentation can reduce allograft nephropathy, graft nephrectomy and mortality.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and systemic lupus erythematosus: successful management of a rare presentation.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) very rarely present simultaneously and pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma to the critical care team. Prompt diagnosis and management with plasma exchange and immunosuppression is life-saving. A patient critically ill with TTP and SLE, successfully managed in the acute period of illness with plasma exchange, steroids and mycophenolate mofetil is described.