Intraoperative electrocorticography-guided resection of the epileptogenic zone in an unusual porencephalic cyst: case report and literature review.

Introduction: Porencephalic cysts resulting from perinatal artery infarctions typically manifest as large cysts accompanied by pre-existing neurological deficits. A small porencephalic cyst without any neurological deficit is a rare cause of medically refractory epilepsy.

Case Presentation: A 23-year-old female presented with a history of medically refractory epilepsy secondary to a small right parieto-temporal porencephalic cyst.

A case of intradural lumbar disc herniation.

Key Clinical Message: MRI remains the best tool in the diagnosis of this disease entity however preoperative diagnosis remains a difficult task. A high degree of suspicion is raised when intraoperative findings and preoperative image description become incompatible.

Abstract: Lumbar disc herniation into the dural space is a rare phenomenon of lumbar disc degeneration with an unclear remaining pathogenesis.

Orbital Apex Syndrome caused by invasive aspergillosis in patient with post-Covid-19 infection - A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Orbital Apex Syndrome (OAS) are characterized by multiple symptoms, such as impaired eye movement, periorbital pain, and visual disturbance. AS symptoms may be caused by inflammation, infection, neoplasm, or a vascular lesion, potentially involving a variety of nerves, such as the optic, oculomotor, trochlear or abducens, or the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. However, OAS caused by invasive aspergillosis in post-COVID patient is a very rare phenomenon.

Surgical Management among Patients with Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Haemorrhage Admitted in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage is the second most common form of stroke and the most deadly one. An understanding of changing trends in the epidemiology of intracerebral haemorrhage prevalence, its risk factors, current practice in management, case fatality, and long-term outcome is essential to measure the effectiveness of stroke prevention and various treatment efforts. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of surgical management among patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage in a tertiary centre.

Venture of a Tertiary Care Neurosurgical Center in Course of COVID-19 Lockdown without RT-PCR.

"I will not permit considerations of age, disease or disability, creed, ethnic origin, gender, nationality, political affiliation, race, sexual orientation, social standing or any other factor to intervene between my duty and my patient." Obliged by the aforementioned oath, no medical practitioner shall sit in a moral judgment on any patient but will treat their illness to the best of their ability whatever the circumstances. A clear concord was yet to be authorized after the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2infection.

Cervical vagal schwannoma, a rare differential of a neck swelling: A case report.

Cervical vagal schwannoma is a rare clinical entity that requires a different clinical approach than other neck swellings. Magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred initial diagnostic test. Complications may arise due to vagal stimulation in unsuspecting open biopsies.

Unusual case of spontaneous bilateral basal ganglia bleed.

Hypertension is the most prevalent determinant condition embarking on the development of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Usually, the presentation is a unilateral hematoma. Spontaneous bilateral intracerebral hemorrhage is an outstandingly infrequent context, and not a lot of cases have been reported till date.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis as a complication of COVID-19 infection - A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 (Coronavirus 2019) infection. Although symptoms are usually associated with the respiratory system, its neurological involvement should not be underestimated. The most common cerebrovascular complication following the infection is ischemic stroke however, CVST (Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis) has been reported.

Ganglioglioma Arising from the Septum Pellucidum.

A 24-year-old gentleman presented to us with complaints of occasional headache for 2 years. Magnetic resonance imaging showed enhancing supra sellar mass with nonenhancing cystic components, extending superiorly up to the body of bilateral lateral ventricle, laterally displacing septum pellucidum, and compressing the third ventricle with obstructive hydrocephalus. Hormone profile depicted adrenocorticotropic hormone <5.

Early internal capsule infarction following globus pallidus internus lesioning for cervical dystonia.

Introduction And Importance: Ischemia associated with lesioning for the treatment of cervical dystonia is a very rare phenomenon. We reported a case of early internal capsule infarction following GPi lesioning for cervical dystonia.

Case Presentation: A 56-year-old man with one year history of progressive onset of cervical dystonia which was unresponsive to medical therapy.

A case report of multiple isolated intradural neurocysticercosis of the lumbo-sacral spine.

Introduction And Importance: Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the nervous system and it is mostly intracranial. Intradural intramedullary or extramedullary is the rarest involvement of intraspinal cysticercosis. Its isolated involvement is even rare, as it usually has intracranial association.

A case of postpartum chronic subdural hematoma.

Headache is a common presentation during postpartum period. Anesthesiologist, obstetrician, and neurosurgeon should be aware of the possibility of subdural hematoma in patient complaining of headache following spinal anesthesia.

A Case of Sellar/Suprasellar Neurocysticercosis Mimicking a Craniopharyngioma.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) commonly presents with seizures in developing countries such as Nepal. It may also present with raised intracranial pressure due to obstructive hydrocephalus when cyst is located in the fourth ventricle or foramen of Monro. There are four main stages of NCC (1) Vesicular, (2) Colloidal vesicular, (3) Granular nodular, and (4) Nodular calcified.

Customized Cost-Effective Polymethyl-Methacrylate Cranioplasty Implant Using Three-Dimensional Printer.

There is no doubt that many synthetic materials used in cranioplasty have given good result regarding patient's calvarial shape. However, the use of these materials is costly to the patient and requires complex intraoperative process. There has been a long history regarding the use of acrylic bone cement called as polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) as an implant due to its desirable properties.

Study of Anterior Commissure-Posterior Commissure Distance among Nepalese Cohort.

Introduction: The main aim of this study is to determine the anterior commissure-posterior commissure (AC-PC) distance in Nepalese cohort and has comparison of intercommissural distance of Nepalese cohort with some other races.

Materials And Methods: The 47 patients, with mean age of 50 years, included in the study had undergone DBS or lesioning (Pallidotomy). Data were collected through the magnetic resonance imaging under DBS protocol and the manipulation, marking of AC and PC was done in Inomed Planning Software (IPS).

Comparative Cytotoxic Activity of Wild Harvested Stems and Raised Protocorms of Rolfe in Human Cervical Carcinoma and Glioblastoma Cell Lines.

From the medicinal orchid Rolfe, which is used in traditional and folk Chinese medicine, the protocorms were raised in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media in three strengths, full strength (FMS), half strength (1/2 MS), and quarter strength (1/4 MS), with or without the phytohormones 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and coconut water (CW). The comparative cytotoxic activities of the wild and -raised protocorms were evaluated in human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and human glioblastoma (U251) cell lines by MTT assay. In and , the methanol extracts of showed significant cytotoxic activities.

Antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial effects of developed protocorms of .

seed germination and protocorms formation were successfully established in traditionally used . Fresh protocorms (178.34 g - 183.

Cytotoxic effect of selected wild orchids on two different human cancer cell lines.

Majority of the orchid species are used in the traditional medicines for the treatment of several diseases. They are the sources of polysaccharides, phenanthrenes, bibenzyl derivatives, revesteral, stilbenoids and polyphenol compounds. This study explored the cytotoxic activity of seven wild orchid species and identification of medicinally active compounds.

Epidemiology and Pattern of Traumatic Brain Injuries at Annapurna Neurological Institute & Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a major health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. It represents the greatest contribution to death and disability among all trauma-related injuries globally. TBIs are a leading cause of death and disability in Nepal, despite improvements in safety regulations and implementation of strict drunk driving laws.

Assessment of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts of .

is an epiphytic orchid found in south Asia including Nepal and China. This orchid species is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, cataracts, and fever. The objectives of the present research were to assess the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of its stem's extracts with the identification of bioactive secondary metabolites.

Hypophonia as only presenting symptom in myasthenia gravis - a diagnostic dilemma in poor countries: a case report.

Introduction: The autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis can mimic a variety of neurological disorders leading to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. In the older population, due to confusion with signs of the ageing process or comorbidities due to ageing, there are many underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed cases of myasthenia gravis. A majority of myasthenia gravis symptoms appear as ocular or motor symptoms and there are very few cases of bulbar symptoms.

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Dendrobium moniliforme extracts and the detection of related compounds by GC-MS.

Background: The medicinal orchid Dendrobium moniliforme contains water-soluble polysaccharides, phenanthrenes, bibenzyl derivatives, and polyphenol compounds. This study explored the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of D. moniliforme extracts and detected their bioactive compounds.

Comparative Study of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay and Multiplex PCR Assay for Direct Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is one of the major infectious diseases in developing countries. The objective of this study was to compare rapid diagnostics technique, GeneXpert MTB/RIF (GeneXpert) and Multiplex PCR assay (MPCR) targeting IS6110 segment and mpb64 gene for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in suspected PTB patients. A cross sectional study was carried among 105 sputum samples from suspected PTB patients to evaluate GeneXpert and Multiplex PCR who visited National Tuberculosis Center, Nepal.