U.S. Trends in Adolescent Substance Use and Conduct Problems and Their Relation to Trends in Unstructured In-Person Socializing With Peers.

Purpose: This study examined whether national trends in unstructured in-person socializing with peers (i.e., socializing without goals or supervision) among adolescents could help explain recent declines in adolescent risk behaviors (e.

Using mixed methods to understand women's parenting practices related to their child's outdoor play and physical activity among families living in diverse neighborhood environments.

A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used to understand parenting practices for outdoor play, their influence on adolescent's physical activity and outdoor play and the role of the neighborhood and child's sex. Adolescents (n = 263) and their parents completed questionnaires and wore accelerometers. Parents (n = 30) participated in in-depth interviews.

A clinical and immunological study of children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Aim: To identify the clinical status and immunological profile of a cohort of children with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to assess the short-term consequences of this infection.

Material And Methods: This prospective case-control study included 30 children in the age range 1-15 years with positive HBsAg attending the Hepatology clinic of Alexandria University Children's Hospital. Twenty children received lamivudine (3 mg/kg, oral, once a day), and 10 children were lamivudine-resistant and received entecavir treatment (10-11 kg/0.

Neighborhood Influences on Women's Parenting Practices for Adolescents' Outdoor Play: A Qualitative Study.

Understanding factors that influence parenting decisions for outdoor play is necessary to promote physical activity during critical years for adolescent adjustment. This study explored physical and social environmental influences on parenting decisions and rules for their child's outdoor play using semistructured in-depth interviews with parents ( = 30, 29 of whom were mothers) of adolescents. Mothers from low- ( = 16) and high-disadvantage ( = 13) neighborhood environments were recruited to identify environmental factors that resulted in parenting decisions that either promoted or hindered outdoor play and identify differences across neighborhood types.