Transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of plateau environment on muscle growth and development in yak.

Yak meat plays a significant economic role for yaks. The unique environment of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau profoundly impacts the meat production performance of yaks. Yet, the regulatory mechanisms influencing muscle growth and development in yaks within this plateau environment remain poorly understood.

Comparative Analysis of Microbiota in Jiani Yaks with Different Rib Structures.

The Jiani yak is a nationally renowned species that is known for its meat which is rich in various minerals, amino acids, and proteins. The rumen microbiota plays a critical role in gastrointestinal health and feed degradation, contributing proteins, lipids, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) essential for milk and meat production. However, there is limited knowledge about the microbiota of free-ranging Jiani yaks, especially those with 15 ribs.

Impact of weight variation on the microbiome of yak dams and calves.

Introduction: Limited information exists regarding the microbiome composition of yak calves of varying weights. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the microbiomes of mother-calf pairs with different weight profiles.

Methods: Fecal and blood samples were collected from both lower-weight (CB) and higher-weight (HB) yak calves, along with their corresponding female yaks (CA, HA).

Gut Microbial Adaptation to Varied Altitudes and Temperatures in Tibetan Plateau Yaks.

The yak () exhibits exceptional regional adaptability, enabling it to thrive in the distinctive ecological niches of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its survival relies on the intricate balance of its intestinal microbiome, essential for adapting to harsh environmental conditions. Despite the documented significance of bacteria and fungi in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and supporting immune functions, there is still a substantial gap in understanding how the composition and functionality of yak gut microbiota vary along altitude-temperature gradients.

Comparative analysis of intestinal microbiota composition between free-ranged captive yak populations in Nimu County.

The intestinal microbiota assumes a pivotal role in modulating host metabolism, immune responses, overall health, and additional physiological dimensions. The structural and functional characteristics of the intestinal microbiota may cause alterations within the host's body to a certain extent. The composition of the gut microbiota is associated with environmental factors, dietary habits, and other pertinent conditions.

miR-122-5p Promotes Cowshed Particulate Matter2.5-Induced Apoptosis in NR8383 by Targeting .

It is well known that Particulate Matter2.5 (PM) has a major adverse effect on the organism. However, the health hazards of livestock farm PM to humans and animals are not yet known, and the role of miRNAs in the cellular damage induced by livestock farm PM is also unclear.

Influence of Varied Environment Conditions on the Gut Microbiota of Yaks.

Despite the crucial role of the gut microbiota in different physiological processes occurring in the animal body, reports regarding the gut microbiota of animals residing in different environmental conditions like high altitude and different climate settings are limited. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is renowned for its extreme climatic conditions that provide an ideal environment for exploring the effects of high altitude and temperature on the microbiota of animals. Yaks have unique oxygen delivery systems and genes related to hypoxic response.

Development and assessment of an immobilized bacterial alliance that efficiently degrades tylosin in wastewater.

Microbial degradation of tylosin (TYL) is a safe and environmentally friendly technology for remediating environmental pollution. Kurthia gibsonii (TYL-A1) and Klebsiella pneumonia (TYL-B2) were isolated from wastewater; degradation efficiency of the two strains combined was significantly greater than either alone and resulted in degradation products that were less toxic than TYL. With Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-sodium alginate (SA)-activated carbon (AC) used to form a bacterial immobilization carrier, the immobilized bacterial alliance reached 95.

RGS2 attenuates alveolar macrophage damage by inhibiting the Gq/11-Ca pathway during cowshed PM2.5 exposure, and aberrant RGS2 expression is associated with TLR2/4 activation.

Staff and animals in livestock buildings are constantly exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which affects their respiratory health. However, its exact pathogenic mechanism remains unclear.

Comprehensive Multi-Omic Evaluation of the Microbiota and Metabolites in the Colons of Diverse Swine Breeds.

Pigs stand as a vital cornerstone in the realm of human sustenance, and the intricate composition of their intestinal microbiota wields a commanding influence over their nutritional and metabolic pathways. We employed multi-omic evaluations to identify microbial evidence associated with differential growth performance and metabolites, thereby offering theoretical support for the implementation of efficient farming practices for Tibetan pigs and establishing a robust foundation for enhancing pig growth and health. In this work, six Duroc × landrace × yorkshi (DLY) pigs and six Tibetan pigs were used for the experiment.

MicroRNA miR-212-5p Regulates the MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway by Targeting A-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase () to Regulate Cowshed PM-Induced NR8383 Apoptosis.

To investigate the role of miR-212-5p-targeted during the apoptosis of rat alveolar macrophages induced by cowshed PM. miRNA and related target genes and pathways were predicted using the KEGG, TargetScan, and other prediction websites. NR8383 macrophages were treated with cowshed PM to establish an in vitro lung injury model in rats; meanwhile, for the assessment of cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular calcium ions, and mitochondrial membrane potential in NR8383 cells, RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-212-5p and the target gene .

Preparation, purification, and biochemical of fat-degrading bacterial enzymes from pig carcass compost and its application.

Background: A lot of kitchen waste oil is produced every day worldwide, leading to serious environmental pollution. As one of the environmental protection methods, microorganisms are widely used treating of various wastes. Lipase, as one of the cleaning agents can effectively degrade kitchen waste oil.

Characterization and low-temperature biodegradation mechanism of 17β-estradiol-degrading bacterial strain Rhodococcus sp. RCBS9.

Steroidal estrogens residues in the environment can be a serious hazard to humans and animals and has been listed as group 1 carcinogens by World Health Organization (WHO). Microbial degradation is one of the effective strategies for the removal of such contaminants. In this study, a low-temperature degrading bacterial strain (Rhodococcus sp.

Effects of Cryptosporidium parvum infection on intestinal fungal microbiota in yaks (Bos grunniens).

During the last decade, researchers had started to focus on the relationship between intestinal parasitic infection and variation of intestinal microflora. Cryptosporidium is a widely known opportunistic and zoonotic pathogen. Several studies have shown that Cryptosporidium infection has impact to alter the gut microflora.

High energy level diet improves the growth performance and rumen fermentation of yaks in cold weather.

To date, no research has been done on energy requirements for yaks in Tibetan cold weather. The findings of the current study provide proper energy requirements for yaks would facilitate scientific feeding of fattening yaks in cold weather. The metabolomics and 16s rRNA sequencing technologies were used to explore the underlying mechanism that affects the growth performance of yaks fed with different energy levels of diet in cold weather.

Comparative analysis of gut fungal composition and structure of the yaks under different feeding models.

The yaks that inhabit the Tibetan plateau are a rare breed that is closely related to local economic development and human civilization. This ancient breed may have evolved a unique gut microbiota due to the hypoxic high-altitude environment. The gut microbiota is susceptible to external factors, but research regarding the effects of different feeding models on the gut fungal community in yaks remains scarce.

Characterization of 17β-estradiol-degrading enzyme from Microbacterium sp. MZT7 and its function on E2 biodegradation in wastewater.

Background: 17β-estradiol (E2) residues exhibit harmful effects both for human and animals and have got global attention of the scientific community. Microbial enzymes are considered as one of the effective strategies having great potential for removal E2 residues from the environment. However, limited literature is available on the removal of E2 from wastewater using short-chain dehydrogenase.

Effects of Different Dietary Protein Level on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Plasma Metabolomics Profile of Growing Yak in the Cold Season.

This experiment was aimed to compare the effects of two diets with different protein content on the growth performance, immune indexes, rumen fermentation characteristics and plasma metabolomics of growing yak in the cold season. A total of 24, 2-year-old healthy yaks with similar body weight (142.9 ± 3.

Different feeding patterns affect meat quality of Tibetan pigs associated with intestinal microbiota alterations.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different feeding patterns on meat quality, gut microbiota and its metabolites of Tibetan pigs. Tibetan pigs with similar body weight were fed the high energy diets (, 20 pigs) and the regular diets (, 20 pigs), and free-ranging Tibetan pigs (, 20 pigs) were selected as the reference. After 6 weeks of experiment, meat quality indexes of semitendinosus muscle () and cecal microbiota were measured.

Extraction, Purification, Characterization and Application in Livestock Wastewater of S Sulfur Convertase.

Sulfide is a toxic pollutant in the farming environment. Microbial removal of sulfide always faces various biochemical challenges, and the application of enzymes for agricultural environmental remediation has promising prospects. In this study, a strain of Cellulosimicrobium sp.

Transcriptome profiling of Microbacterium resistens MZT7 reveals mechanisms of 17β-estradiol response and biotransformation.

17β-estradiol (E2) pollution has attracted much attention, and the existence of E2 poses certain risks to the environment and human health. However, the mechanism of microbial degradation of E2 remains unclear. In this study, the location of E2-degrading enzymes was investigated, and transcriptome analysis of Microbacterium resistens MZT7 (M.

Alterations in gut microbiota improve SCFA production and fiber utilization in Tibetan pigs fed alfalfa diet.

Tibetan pigs were thought to have good performances of rough feeding tolerance, which may be related to the gut microbiota. This study was conducted to investigate the changes of colonic microbiota contribute to fiber utilization in Tibetan pigs fed alfalfa supplementation diet compared with basal diet, and verified whether the microbial community in Tibetan pigs fed alfalfa diet was beneficial to utilize fiber using fermentation. A total of 40 Tibetan pigs were allocated into two groups and fed with a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CD) or a 50% alfalfa supplementation diet (AD) for 42d.

House feeding system improves the estrus rate in yaks () by increasing specific fecal microbiota and myo-inositol content in serum.

Grazing (G) yaks () are generally of low fertility, which severely limits the income of local pastoralists. However, we recently found that yaks had a 52% higher estrus rate in house feeding (HF) than in G. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to analyze serum metabolites and fecal microbiota of 20 rutting yaks in the G and HF systems, respectively, to explain this phenomenon.

Effects of high-altitude hypoxic environment on colonic inflammation, intestinal barrier and gut microbiota in three-way crossbred commercial pigs.

In recent years, the three-way crossbred commercial pigs are extensively cultured in Tibet. However, there have been few studies about the effect of high-altitude hypoxic environment on intestinal health of them. Therefore, we selected Tibetan pigs (TP) and the three-way crossbred commercial pigs (CP-H) living in the Tibet (3,500-3,700 m in altitude) as a positive control group and treatment group, respectively.

Construction of Magnetic Composite Bacterial Carrier and Application in 17-Estradiol Degradation.

Estrogen contamination is widespread and microbial degradation is a promising removal method; however, unfavorable environments can hinder microbial function. In this study, a natural estrogen 17-estradiol (E2) was introduced as a degradation target, and a new combination of bacterial carrier was investigated. We found the best combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) was 4% total concentration, PVA:SA = 5:5, with nano-FeO at 2%, and maltose and glycine added to promote degradation, for which the optimal concentrations were 5 g·L and 10 g·L, respectively.