12 Psychiatrists who Shaped Psychiatry in Turkey in the Republic's First Century.

Who are the influential figures that molded Turkish Psychiatry into what it is today? This review introduces 12 psychiatrists who shaped psychiatry in Turkey during the first century of the Republic. The article presents Rasit Tahsin, the first neuropsychiatrist who establish an academic psychiatry department in Turkey; Mazhar Osman, who had so much influence that his name became a phrase to describe the mentally ill, and still lives on with the institutions he built; Ihsan Sukru, the founder of neuropathology in Turkey, a historical figure in viral encephalitis research; Fahrettin Kerim Gokay, famous for his political career and his fight against alcohol and tobacco; Rasim Adasal, a Cretian who is a cornerstone in Ankara psychiatry and a well-known figure in Turkish society life; Abdulkadir Ozbek, who introduced psychodrama to Anatolia-his 'earth'; Leyla Zileli, who disseminated psychoanalysis from Ankara to Turkey; Orhan Ozturk, a founding figure for the Journal, the Association, and Hacettepe; Ayhan Songar, a prominent figure in society and also in state bureaucracy; Ozcan Koknel, the amiable face of psychiatry in society and a respected voice; Oğuz Arkonaç, a vigorous advocate for the establishment of contemporary psychiatry with DSM III in Bakırköy and then in Turkey; and Gunsel Koptagel-Ilal, who progressed the work in the psychosomatics as one of Turkey's first female psychiatry academics. As with any list, we acknowledge that absolute consensus is not possible; we are preparing a more extensive selection to be published as a book next year.

Effect of a long-term art-based group therapy with eating disorders.

Eating disorders (EDs) affect the physical, psychological, emotional and interpersonal areas of the individual and cause serious medical and mental consequences. Their treatment should be handled in a multidisciplinary manner.The objective of this study was to investigate potential benefits of long-term art-based group therapy (ABGT) as an adjunct to treatment for a variety of EDs.

Evaluation of Insight, Self-Esteem, and Body Satisfaction in Eating Disorders.

We investigated insight and its relationship with the clinical characteristics in eating disorders (EDs). Thirty anorexia nervosa (AN) and 30 bulimia nervosa (BN) patients, diagnosed based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fifth Edition criteria, were evaluated with Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire (BISQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS). There was no statistically significant difference between the AN and the BN group in clinical scale scores.

Correlation of binge eating disorder with level of depression and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Objective: It is reported that eating disorders and depression are more common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED) in T2DM patients and examine the correlation of BED with level of depression and glycemic control.

Method: One hundred fifty-two T2DM patients aged between 18 and 75 years (81 females, 71 males) were evaluated via a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorder, Clinical Version in terms of eating disorders.

Assessment of myocardial damage by cardiac MRI in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: Cardiac damage is a major complication of anorexia nervosa (AN). The present study evaluated the prevalence of myocardial damage in patients with AN by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).

Method: This study was cross-sectional and observational.

Assessment of dental fear and anxiety levels in eating disorder patients undergoing minor oral surgery.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of dental fear and anxiety in women with eating disorders (EDs) scheduled for oral surgery.

Patients And Methods: A total of 61 patients with EDs, an identical number of age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls, and 2 consecutive, randomly selected, clinical and nonclinical samples each consisting of 220 female subjects were included in the present study. The participants completed the demographic and clinical forms, as well as the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS) and dental fear survey (DFS) before the surgical procedure.

The Turkish version of the eating disorder examination questionnaire: reliability and validity in adolescents.

The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is the self-report questionnaire version of the Eating Disorder Examination Interview. The aim of the current study was to validate a Turkish version of the EDE-Q in a sample of Turkish primary and high school students (626 girls and 299 boys) in Istanbul. Subjects also completed the Eating Attitudes Test, the General Health Questionnaire and the Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire, and they were weighed.

[Psychogenic purpura with hematuria and sexual pain disorder: a case report].

Psychogenic purpura (Gardner-Diamond syndrome) is the occurrence and spontaneous recurrence of painful ecchymosis following emotional stress and minor trauma. Although the exact mechanism of this syndrome remains unknown, apart from skin lesions, different types of hemorrhaging have been reported, such as epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and bleeding from the ear canals and eyes. We report a psychogenic purpura case that presented with hematuria in addition to skin lesions.

Leptin concentration indexed to fat mass is increased in untreated anorexia nervosa (AN) patients.

Context: Data regarding serum adipocytokine and ghrelin concentrations in different stages of anorexia nervosa (AN) is conflicting.

Objective: Our aim is to determine serum concentrations of adiponectin (ApN), leptin and ghrelin in different stages of AN and to evaluate their relationships with study parameters.

Design Setting And Participants: Study group was composed of four subgroups: Group 1: patients with a recent diagnosis of AN (n = 19); group 2: weight recovered (10% increase in body weight compared with baseline) subgroup of group 1 during follow-up (n = 10); group 3: recovered patients with a previous history of AN but normal menstrual cycles and body weight currently (n = 10); group 4: control group (n = 10).

Psychologic correlates of eating attitudes in Turkish female college students.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency and correlates of disordered eating attitudes in a university-sample Turkish female population and to evaluate the contribution of maternal psychopathologic symptoms and family functioning.

Method: Female students (n = 267; mean age, 21.21 +/- 1.

Memory bias in anorexia nervosa: evidence from directed forgetting.

The aim of this study was to examine memory bias for disorder-relevant information in anorexia nervosa by using the directed forgetting paradigm. Normal controls and patients with anorexia nervosa were given a list consisting of neutral and disorder-relevant words, which they were either asked to remember (R) or forget (F). Memory performance was measured by a free recall and a Yes/No recognition task for all items.

Anorexia nervosa and Raynaud's phenomenon: a case report.

Objective: To describe and discuss potential relationships between anorexia nervosa (AN) and Raynaud's phenomenon, the course and concurrent treatment of these two disorders as they appeared simultaneously, and a potential treatment modification entailed in such concurrent therapies.

Background: Although Raynaud's phenomenon has been described during the course of AN, the associations and interactions between these two conditions are not clear.

Method: We report the medical workup, treatment, and outcomes in a 19-year old female patient who developed Raynaud's phenomenon following the onset of AN.

Eating disorders and celiac disease: a case report.

Objective: Although chronic physical illness may be associated coincidentally with an eating disorder, some clinicians may overlook the possibility that another medical illness may coexist and contribute concurrently to symptoms such as peculiar eating behaviors, restrictive eating, and/or vomiting accompanied by body dissatisfaction. We present a 31-year-old single woman initially diagnosed with an atypical eating disorder.

Method: After a gastroenterology consultation prompted by the atypical characteristics of her eating disturbance, the diagnosis of celiac disease was established.

Weight fluctuations during early refeeding period in anorexia nervosa: case reports.

Objective: This study reports wide weight fluctuations during a week of early refeeding for 2 patients with anorexia nervosa and discusses possible mechanisms.

Method: Laboratory tests that consist of complete blood count, biochemistry panel, and serum protein levels were performed. Fluid intake and daily urine output of the patients were measured.

The efficacy and safety of venlafaxine in the prophylaxis of migraine.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of venlafaxine in the prophylaxis of migraine.

Background: The efficacy of venlafaxine, which is selectively effective on the serotonergic and noradrenergic mechanisms, on various headaches and chronic pain syndromes has been demonstrated. To our knowledge, this is the first placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study of two different doses of venlafaxine for migraine treatment.

The frequency and associated factors of low back pain among a younger population in Turkey.

Study Design: Open design cross-sectional questionnaire.

Objectives: The aims of this study are to determine the frequency of low back pains in the younger population and the factors that have an influence on this frequency.

Summary Of Background Data: Low back pain is one of the most important social problems that causes injuries in the younger population.

Menstrually related symptom changes in women with treatment-responsive bipolar disorder.

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate menstrually related symptom changes in euthymic women with treatment-responsive bipolar disorder (BD) compared with healthy control subjects and investigate the presence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

Methods: Thirty-four euthymic women with treatment-responsive BD on mood-stabilizers (lithium and/or valproate) for at least 6 months and 35 control subjects with no history of medical/mental disorder between ages of 18 and 35 years with regular menstrual cycles were prospectively followed up for at least two consecutive menstrual cycles using the Daily Record of Severity of Problems-Short Form (DRSP). Each subject was administered the retrospective self-report questionnaire, Premenstrual Assessment Form (PAF), in the first postmenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle.

A late sex reassignment in 5-alpha reductase deficiency: case report.

The syndrome of male pseudohermaphroditism, caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase, results in a selective decrease in dihyrotestosterone. Culture is an important part of the context in which decisions are made on sex assignment of patients with abnormalities of the external genitalia. In Turkey, patients with ambiguious genitalia are diagnosed very late and corrective surgery is usually performed during or after puberty.

[The relationship between psychogenic excoriation and psychiatric disorders: a comparative study].

Objective: Psychogenic excoriation (PE), characterized by excessive scratching or picking of the skin, is not yet recognized as a symptom of a distinct DSM-IV disorder. It is a chronic disorder with a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity. The purpose of this study was to compare patients diagnosed with PE and another group of psychodermatosis patients in terms of comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Expression of anger and alexithymia in patients with psychogenic excoriation: a preliminary report.

Objective: Psychogenic excoriation (PE), which is characterized by lesions formed by self-picking, has a significant place among the dermatoses related to psychological factors. Emotions, particularly anger that cannot be expressed, may be important in the etiology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics of patients with PE and with another psychodermatosis, and compare them in terms of anger, manner of anger expression, and alexithymia.

The relation of psychogenic excoriation with psychiatric disorders: a comparative study.

Psychogenic excoriation (PE), characterized by excessive scratching or picking of the skin, is not yet recognized as a symptom of a distinct DSM-IV disorder. It is a chronic disorder with a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity. The purpose of this study was to compare patients diagnosed with PE and patients with another dermatological disease in terms of comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Childhood traumatic events and dissociative experiences in patients with chronic headache and low back pain.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine childhood traumatic experiences and dissociative characteristics in women with chronic headache and low back pain.

Setting: The patients were evaluated in the multidisciplinary pain clinic of a university hospital.

Subjects: This study included 73 patients: 41 with chronic headache and 32 with chronic low back pain.

Depression, automatic thoughts, alexithymia, and assertiveness in patients with tension-type headache.

Objective: The role of psychological factors related to headache has long been a focus of investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate depression, automatic thoughts, alexithymia, and assertiveness in persons with tension-type headache and to compare the results with those from healthy controls.

Methods: One hundred five subjects with tension-type headache (according to the criteria of the International Headache Society classification) and 70 controls were studied.