Does primary posterior tracheopexy prevent collapse of the trachea in newborns with oesophageal atresia and tracheomalacia? A study protocol for an international, multicentre randomised controlled trial (PORTRAIT trial).

Introduction: Tracheomalacia (TM) often occurs in children with oesophageal atresia (OA), leading to recurrent respiratory symptoms and in severe cases to blue spells or ultimately respiratory arrest. In some patients, a secondary posterior tracheopexy may then be indicated. This secondary surgery, as well as respiratory morbidity, may be prevented by performing a primary posterior tracheopexy (PPT) concurrent with primary OA correction.

The clinical application of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring during rigid bronchoscopy or microlaryngeal surgery in children.

Study Objective: During rigid bronchoscopies and microlaryngeal surgery (MLS) in children, there is currently no reliable method for managing ventilation strategies based on carbon dioxide (CO) levels. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the clinical implementation of transcutaneous CO (tcPCO) monitoring during rigid bronchoscopies or MLS.

Design: Prospective observational study.

The Value of Preoperative Rigid Tracheobronchoscopy for the Diagnosis of Tracheomalacia in Oesophageal Atresia Patients.

Background: Oesophageal atresia (OA) is often accompanied by tracheomalacia (TM). The aim of this study was to evaluate its presence in OA patients during routine rigid tracheobronchoscopy (TBS) before primary correction and compare this to postoperative TBS and clinical signs of TM.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients born with OA between June 2013 and December 2022 who had received a TBS before OA correction and had been followed for at least twelve months.

Non-Surgical Respiratory Management in Relation to Feeding and Growth in Patients with Robin Sequence; a Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Objective: To reflect upon our non-surgical respiratory management by evaluating clinical outcomes regarding airway, feeding, and growth during the first year of life in patients with Robin Sequence.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Mandibular distraction to correct severe non-isolated mandibular hypoplasia: The role of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in decision making.

Objectives: In patients with mandibular hypoplasia, mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) aims to relieve tongue-based airway obstruction. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) provides a dynamic assessment of the upper airway and visualizes anatomical site and cause of airway obstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MDO on tongue-based airway obstruction found by DISE within a non-isolated patient population with severe upper airway obstruction (UAO).

Swallowing problems in children with a tracheostomy.

Children with a tracheostomy often present with swallowing disorders. Assessing the impact the presence of the tracheostomy tube has on swallowing function next to the underlying pathology can be very challenging. This article gives an overview of normal swallowing physiology and development, swallowing difficulties as encountered in various airway pathologies and addresses the mechanism by which the tracheostomy tube impacts swallowing.

Evaluation of the OSA treatment protocol in syndromic craniosynostosis during the first 6 years of life.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequently present in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis. The aim of this study is to determine the long-term effectiveness of our OSA treatment protocol in our tertiary center in a cohort of children with syndromic craniosynostosis.

Methods: Children with syndromic craniosynostosis born between January 2005 and December 2013 were eligible for inclusion (n = 114).

De novo Leu619Pro variant causes a new channelopathy characterised by giant cell lesions of the jaws and skull, skeletal abnormalities and polyneuropathy.

Background: Pathogenic germline variants in ransient eceptor otential anilloid 4 ation hannel () lead to channelopathies, which are phenotypically diverse and heterogeneous disorders grossly divided in neuromuscular disorders and skeletal dysplasia. We recently reported in sporadic giant cell lesions of the jaws (GCLJs) novel, somatic, heterozygous, gain-of-function mutations in , at Met713.

Methods: Here we report two unrelated women with a de novo germline p.

Structure and Function of the Vocal Cords after Airway Reconstruction on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objectives/hypothesis: Dysphonia is a common problem at long-term follow-up after airway surgery for laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) with major impact on quality of life. Dysphonia after LTS can be caused by scar tissue from initial stenosis along with anatomical alterations after surgery. There is need for a modality to noninvasively image structure and function of the reconstructed upper airways including the vocal cords to assess voice outcome and possible treatment after LTS.

IVORY Guidelines (Instructional Videos in Otorhinolaryngology by YO-IFOS): A Consensus on Surgical Videos in Ear, Nose, and Throat.

Objectives/hypothesis: Otolaryngology instructional videos available online are often of poor quality. The objective of this article was to establish international consensus recommendations for the production of educational surgical videos in otolaryngology.

Study Design: DELPHI survey.

MRI of the upper airways in children and young adults: the MUSIC study.

Rationale: Paediatric laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is often successfully corrected with open airway surgery. However, respiratory and vocal sequelae frequently remain. Clinical care and surgical interventions could be improved with better understanding of these sequelae.

Swallowing problems in children with a tracheostomy tube.

Introduction: Swallowing problems in children with a tracheostomy tube seem to be a common problem, although exact prevalence is not known. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence and type of swallowing problems in children with a tracheostomy tube.

Methods: We retrospectively included 44 children having a tracheostomy tube at Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's hospital.

Pharmacokinetics and safety of tobramycin nebulization with the I-neb and PARI-LC Plus in children with cystic fibrosis: A randomized, crossover study.

Aims: We aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety profile of tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS) using the I-neb device to the standard PARI-LC Plus nebulizer in children with cystic fibrosis.

Methods: A randomized, open-label, crossover study was performed. In 2 separate study visits, blood samples from 22 children were collected following TIS nebulization with I-neb (75 mg) and PARI-LC Plus (300 mg).

Magnetic resonance imaging of the larynx in the pediatric population: A systematic review.

Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques to image the larynx have evolved rapidly into a promising and safe imaging modality, without need for sedation or ionizing radiation. MRI is therefore of great interest to image pediatric laryngeal diseases. Our aim was to review MRI developments relevant for the pediatric larynx and to discuss future imaging options.

Reference Values for Central Airway Dimensions on CT Images of Children and Adolescents.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to acquire normative data on central airway dimensions on chest CT scans in the pediatric population.

Materials And Methods: Chest CT findings reported as normal by a radiologist were collected retrospectively at 10 international centers. An experienced and independent thoracic radiologist reevaluated all CT scans for image quality and for normal findings.

Reliability and validity of the Dutch pediatric Voice Handicap Index.

Introduction: The pediatric voice handicap index (pVHI) has been developed to provide a better insight into the parents' perception of their child's voice related quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to validate the Dutch pVHI by evaluating its internal consistency and reliability. Furthermore, we determined the optimal cut-off point for a normal pVHI score.

Voice outcome and voice-related quality of life after surgery for pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis.

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term outcome of voice quality and voice-related quality of life after open airway surgery for pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Children under the age of 18 years at time of follow-up and with a history of open airway surgery for acquired laryngotracheal stenosis were included in this analysis.

Reliability of the reflux finding score for infants in flexible versus rigid laryngoscopy.

Objectives: The Reflux Finding Score for Infants (RFS-I) was developed to assess signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in infants. With flexible laryngoscopy, moderate inter- and highly variable intraobserver reliability was found. We hypothesized that the use of rigid laryngoscopy would increase reliability and therefore evaluated the reliability of the RFS-I for flexible versus rigid laryngoscopy in infants.

Long-term functional airway assessment after open airway surgery for laryngotracheal stenosis.

Objectives/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate our patient-reported and objective long-term outcomes of patients treated for laryngotracheal stenosis.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Sixty-five patients were evaluated after a median follow-up of 7 years after surgery.

Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome.

Background: Ménière's disease is an incapacitating disease in which recurrent attacks of vertigo are accompanied by hearing loss, tinnitus and/or aural fullness, all of which are discontinuous and variable in intensity. A number of different therapies have been identified for patients with this disease, ranging from dietary measures (e.g.

Intratympanic gentamicin treatment for Ménière's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on dose efficacy - results of a prematurely ended study.

Background: Gentamicin is used as a therapeutic agent for Ménière's disease because of its vestibulotoxicity causing chemo-ablation of the vestibular sensory epithelia. Its use has increased in recent years. However, there is still no consensus about the dose regimen of gentamicin in the treatment of Ménière's disease.

Development of the reflux finding score for infants and its observer agreement.

Objective: It is hypothesized that laryngeal edema is caused by laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) (ie, gastroesophageal reflux extending into the larynx and pharynx). The validated reflux finding score (RFS) assesses LPR disease in adults. We, therefore, aimed to develop an adapted RFS for infants (RFS-I) and assess its observer agreement.

Case report: traumatic displacement of a cochlear implant magnet.

Objectives: To date, over 200 000 cochlear implants (CIs) have been implanted worldwide and the incidence is still increasing. We present a case of traumatic displacement of CI magnet to raise awareness about this complication and to highlight the need for vigilance during surgery as well as for proper counseling.

Methods: The clinical presentation of a 1.

Surgery for Ménière's disease.

Background: This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in The Cochrane Library in Issue 1, 2010.Ménière's disease is characterised by three major symptoms: vertigo, deafness, and tinnitus or aural fullness, all of which are discontinuous and variable in intensity. A number of surgical modalities, of varying levels of invasiveness, have been developed to reduce the symptoms of Ménière's disease, but it is not clear whether or not these are effective.

Intratympanic gentamicin for Ménière's disease or syndrome.

Background: Ménière's disease is characterised by three major symptoms: vertigo, deafness and tinnitus, which may be accompanied by aural fullness, all of which are discontinuous and variable in intensity. While discontinuous, these symptoms are synchronous. Intratympanic application of gentamicin, an ototoxic aminoglycoside, is a relatively new ablative treatment for vertigo in Ménière's disease with promising results.