Brain-localized CD4 and CD8 T cells perform correlated random walks and not Levy walks.

For survival of the organism, T cells must efficiently control pathogens invading different peripheral tissues. Whether or not such control is achieved by utilizing different movement strategies in different tissues remains poorly understood. Liver-localized CD8 T cells perform correlated random walks  --- a type of a Brownian walk -- in liver sinusoids but in some condition these T cells may also perform Levy flights -- rapid and large displacements by floating with the blood flow.

Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Control Growth of B16 Tumor Cells in Collagen-Fibrin Gels by Cytolytic and Non-Lytic Mechanisms.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important in controlling some viral infections, and therapies involving the transfer of large numbers of cancer-specific CTLs have been successfully used to treat several types of cancers in humans. While the molecular mechanisms of how CTLs kill their targets are relatively well understood, we still lack a solid quantitative understanding of the kinetics and efficiency by which CTLs kill their targets in vivo. Collagen-fibrin-gel-based assays provide a tissue-like environment for the migration of CTLs, making them an attractive system to study T cell cytotoxicity in in vivo-like conditions.

Mathematical modeling suggests cytotoxic T lymphocytes control growth of B16 tumor cells in collagin-fibrin gels by cytolytic and non-lytic mechanisms.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important in controlling some viral infections, and therapies involving transfer of large numbers of cancer-specific CTLs have been successfully used to treat several types of cancers in humans. While molecular mechanisms of how CTLs kill their targets are relatively well understood we still lack solid quantitative understanding of the kinetics and efficiency at which CTLs kill their targets in different conditions. Collagen-fibrin gel-based assays provide a tissue-like environment for the migration of CTLs, making them an attractive system to study the cytotoxicity in vitro.

Correlation between speed and turning naturally arises for sparsely sampled cell movements.

Mechanisms regulating cell movement are not fully understood. One feature of cell movement that determines how far cells displace from an initial position is persistence, the ability to perform movements in a direction similar to the previous movement direction. Persistence is thus determined by turning angles (TA) between two sequential displacements and can be characterized by an average TA or persistence time.

Fenestrated Endograft as a New Perspective for the Treatment of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with a Congenital Pelvic Kidney-A Case Report and Review of Literature.

The coexistence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and congenital pelvic kidney is infrequent. Various treatment modalities have been reported in literature for the treatment of the aforementioned condition. We report a complete endovascular modality for the treatment of this association, especially for high-risk patients.

Direct evidence for CH···π interaction mediated stabilization of Pro-cisPro bond in peptides with Pro-Pro-aromatic motifs.

Although weak interactions play subtle but important roles in dictating protein structures, their experimental detection is nontrivial. From NOE experiments we provide direct evidence for the presence of CH···π interaction, operational between the C(α)-H of the first Pro and the aromatic (Aro) side chain of Xaa, in a peptide series with the general sequence Ac-Pro-Pro-Xaa-NH(2). Indirect evidence of CH···π interaction is provided from ring current-induced upfield displacement of Pro(1) C(α)-H chemical shifts and restriction of side-chain (χ1) rotation of Xaa.

Value of sentinel node status as a prognostic factor in melanoma: prospective observational study.

Objective: To establish the prognostic value of knowledge of sentinel node status in melanoma.

Design: Single centre prospective observational study, with sentinel nodes identified by lymphoscintigraphy, gamma probe, and intraoperative blue dye and examined by both conventional histopathology and immunopathology.

Setting: Specialist surgical service in west of Scotland.

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) regulate the expression of key apoptotic genes in human breast cancer cells.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces mammary tumorigenesis in rodent models, induces apoptosis in rodent mammary tumor cell lines, and decreases expression of antiapoptotic bcl-2 in rat mammary tissue. This investigation focused on the cell mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of CLA. Changes (mRNA, protein) in expression of major proapoptotic p53, p21WAF1/CIP1, bax, bcl-Xs genes, and the antiapoptotic bcl-2 gene were observed in malignant MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and in benign MCF-10a human mammary tumor cells in culture.