Fabrication of porous and visible light active ZnO nanorods and ZnO@TiO core-shell photocatalysts for self-cleaning applications.

Highly transparent and self-cleaning ZnO nanorods (NRs) and ZnO@TiO core-shell (CS) nanoarrays were fabricated using the sol-gel dip-coating technique. TiO nanoparticles (NPs) were coated as a shell layer over the hydrothermally grown ZnO NRs. The number of shell layers on the ZnO NRs was varied by modulating the number of dipping cycles from 1 to 3 to optimize their transmittance.

Variability in Metallurgical Coke Reactivity Index (CRI) and Coke Strength after Reaction (CSR): An Experimental Study.

The coke reactivity index and coke strength after reaction are critical parameters for the efficient operation of a blast furnace. Therefore, maintaining desired qualities of the produced coke as per coal blend chemistry and coke oven battery parameters is essential. However, the coke reactivity index (CRI) and coke strength after reaction (CSR) vary from laboratory to laboratory even though they have the same determination methodology.