Long-term outcome of pediatric acute severe colitis: A prospective 5-year follow-up of the PRASCO trial.

Objectives: The PRASCO trial reported the short-term superiority of an antibiotic cocktail plus intravenous corticosteroids (IVCS) over IVCS alone in children with acute severe colitis (ASC). Here, we report the extension of the PRASCO trial and the long-term outcomes of the antibiotic cocktail in ASC.

Methods: This prospective follow-up of the PRASCO trial documented disease outcomes and treatments annually through 5 years.

The Effectiveness of Taurolidine Antimicrobial Locks in Preventing Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSIs) in Children Receiving Parenteral Nutrition: A Case Series.

Introduction: We assessed the efficacy of taurolidine lock (TL) in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) and related hospitalizations in children with parenteral nutrition (PN) in the home setting.

Methods: This study is a retrospective case series study. All children with intestinal failure in a single center in southern Israel who were administered PN and treated with TL between 2017 and 2024 were included.

Healthy First-Degree Relatives From Multiplex Families vs Simplex Families Have Higher Subclinical Intestinal Inflammation, a Distinct Fecal Microbial Signature, and Harbor a Higher Risk of Developing Crohn's Disease.

Background & Aims: Unaffected first-degree relatives (FDRs) from families with ≥2 affected FDRs with Crohn's disease (CD, multiplex families) have a high risk of developing CD, although the underlying mechanisms driving this risk are poorly understood. We aimed to identify differences in biomarkers between FDRs from multiplex vs simplex families and investigate the risk of future CD onset accounting for potential confounders.

Methods: We assessed the Crohn's and Colitis Canada Genetic Environmental Microbial cohort of healthy FDRs of patients with CD.

Esophageal Atresia with Tracheoesophageal Fistula Is Associated with Consanguinity.

Objective: To examine the association between nonsyndromic esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF) and consanguinity.

Study Design: A retrospective study comparing the incidence of EA-TEF between a low-consanguineous Jewish population and a high-consanguineous Bedouin population. All patients were treated at Soroka University Medical Center, the only tertiary medical center in southern Israel.

Gut Microbiome Composition Is Associated With Future Onset of Crohn's Disease in Healthy First-Degree Relatives.

Background & Aims: The cause of Crohn's disease (CD) is unknown, but the current hypothesis is that microbial or environmental factors induce gut inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to chronic intestinal inflammation. Case-control studies of patients with CD have cataloged alterations in the gut microbiome composition; however, these studies fail to distinguish whether the altered gut microbiome composition is associated with initiation of CD or is the result of inflammation or drug treatment.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 3483 healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with CD were recruited to identify the gut microbiome composition that precedes the onset of CD and to what extent this composition predicts the risk of developing CD.

Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease has variable long-term outcomes.

Objective And Aim: Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IO-IBD), defined as IBD diagnosed at age 2 years or younger, tends to be more severe and refractory to conventional treatment than IBD diagnosed at a later age. However, data about IO-IBD and its long-term follow up are limited. We thus aimed to evaluate the presentation and long-term outcomes of patients with IO-IBD in a retrospective multicenter study.

Immune dysregulation in Glycogen Storage Disease 1b - a CyTOF approach.

Glycogen Storage Disease type 1b (GSD1b) is a rare disease manifesting as hypoglycemia, recurrent infections and neutropenia, resulting from deleterious mutations in the gene encoding the glucose-6-phosphate transporter. The susceptibility to infections is thought to be attributed not only to the neutrophil defect, though extensive immunophenotyping characterization is currently missing. Here we apply a systems immunology approach utilizing Cytometry by Time Of Flight (CyTOF) to map the peripheral immune landscape of 6 GSD1b patients.

Prospective Validation of the Lémann Index in Children: A Report From the Multicentre Image Kids Study.

Background: The Lémann Index [LI] and the recently updated LI are tools for measuring structural bowel damage in adults with Crohn's disease [CD] but have not been evaluated in children. We aimed to validate the updated LI in the prospective multicentre ImageKids study of paediatric CD.

Methods: We included children with CD undergoing magnetic resonance enterography [MRE], pelvic magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and ileocolonoscopy.

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: maternal diabetes and perinatal exposure to non-macrolide antibiotics.

Objective: Infant exposure to macrolide antibiotics is a risk factor for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). The aim of the study was to establish whether perinatal exposure to non-macrolide antibiotics was a risk factor for IHPS.

Study Design: A retrospective matched case-control study was performed using a database including all children born at Soroka University Medical Centre between 2006 and 2018.

Early-life liver cirrhosis and variable clinical presentation in telomere disease.

Aim: Telomeres are DNA sequences of tandem TTAGGG repeats that protect chromosome ends from degradation and instability. Constitutional loss-of-function telomerase mutations result in rapid telomere shortening, premature senescence and cell death. Liver cirrhosis is rare and has only been reported in adults.

[CUFFING PRISONERS AND DETAINEES IN ISRAELI HOSPITALS - A MULTI-CENTER STUDY].

Aims: To describe the extent of prisoner/detainee cuffing and characterize cuffing methods.

Background: Thousands of prisoners and detainees receive medical treatment in Israeli hospitals every year. According to the Israeli law, cuffing during hospital stay should be an exceptional measure, to be considered only in cases of real threat of violence or escape, based on individual assessment.

Pre- and Perinatal Factors Predicting Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Study with Fifty Years of Follow-Up.

Background: Pre- and perinatal events may be associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We aimed to investigate the role of pre- and perinatal factors as potential risk factors for the development of IBD in a population with a follow-up of 50 years.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study, reporting IBD incidence among individuals born in 1964-76, for whom pre- and perinatal exposures were reported as part of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study [JPS], by linking them to the database of the epidemiology group of the Israeli IBD Research Nucleus [epi-IIRN], including all IBD patients in Israel since 2005 and their matched controls.

Morphea as Part of the Dermatological Manifestation of Celiac Disease: Case Presentation and Review of the Literature.

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disease, affecting multiple systems and organs including several dermatological conditions. Morphea, or localized scleroderma, is also an immune-mediated condition, in which an association with celiac disease has not thus far been recognized. We present an interesting case report of a 10-year-old child with a recent diagnosis of celiac disease presenting with morphea.

Mode of delivery and long-term gastrointestinal-related hospitalization of the offspring.

Objective: We set out to ascertain a possible association between mode of delivery (cesarean vs. vaginal delivery) and gastrointestinal hospitalization of the offspring.

Study Design: A population based cohort analysis including all uncomplicated singleton deliveries occurring between the years 1991-2014 at a tertiary medical center was performed, comparing long-term gastrointestinal hospitalization of offspring, according to mode of delivery.

Bedouin Children With Celiac Disease: Less Symptoms but More Severe Histological Features at Presentation.

The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) has dramatically increased with wide variability in clinical presentations between different geographical areas. However, the contribution of ethnic disparities in pediatric celiac disease is still unclear, especially in patients of Bedouin origin. We aimed to compare the clinical presentation and histological severity of celiac disease between Bedouin and Jewish children in southern Israel.

Predictive Prenatal Diagnosis for Infantile-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease Because of Interleukin-10 Signalling Defects.

Objectives: Advances in genetic technologies provide opportunities for patient care and ethical challenges. Clinical care of patients with rare Mendelian disorders is often at the forefront of those developments. Whereas in classical polygenic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the predictive value of genetic variants is very low, predictive prenatal genetic diagnosis can inform families at high risk of severe genetic disorders.

Development and Validation of the IBD-REFER Criteria: Early Referral for Suspected Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Adults and Children.

Background: Early treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with positive outcomes but a significant diagnostic delay has been reported in most countries.

Aim: We aimed to develop and validate IBD-REFER criteria, intended for primary care physicians, to screen patients at risk for IBD.

Methods: A Delphi group of 10 experts generated a list of symptoms associated with the onset of IBD, supplemented by a review of the literature.

The Effect of Adalimumab Treatment on Linear Growth in Children With Crohn Disease: A Post-hoc Analysis of the PAILOT Randomized Control Trial.

Objectives: Growth impairment is common in children with Crohn disease (CD). We aimed to assess the effect of adalimumab (ADL) treatment on linear growth in children with CD in a post-hoc analysis of the Pediatric Crohn's Disease AdalImumab Level-based Optimization Treatment randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Children 6 to 17 years who responded to ADL induction were assessed consecutively for anthropometric parameters.

Automated Analyzers Are Suited for Diagnosing Celiac Disease Without a Biopsy.

Objectives: The European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) 2012 guidelines, enabled for the first time, a nonbiopsy approach in the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). We aimed to prospectively assess 4 tissue-transglutaminase (tTg) IgA assays of 4 random-access analyzers and examine their accuracy in diagnosing CD without a biopsy.

Methods: We enrolled 186 consecutive children referred to upper endoscopy and intestinal biopsy.