Proteomic Profile of Flaxseed ( L.) Products as Influenced by Protein Concentration Method and Cultivar.

The research is focused on the quantitative evaluation of the flaxseed ( L.) proteome at the level of seed cake (SC), fine flour-sieved a fraction below 250 µm (FF)-and protein concentrate (PC). The evaluation was performed on three oilseed flax cultivars (Agriol, Raciol, and Libra) with different levels of α-linolenic acid content using LC-MS/MS (shotgun proteomics) analysis, which was finalized by database searching using the NCBI protein database for and related species.

Comparison of Yield Characteristics, Chemical Composition, Lignans Content and Antioxidant Potential of Experimentally Grown Six Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Cultivars.

Linseed represents a rich source of nutritional, functional and health-beneficial compounds. Nevertheless, the chemical composition and content of bioactive compounds may be quite variable and potentially affected by various factors, including genotype and the environment. In this study, the proximate chemical composition, lignans content and antioxidant potential of six experimentally grown linseed cultivars were assessed and compared.

Proteomic Profiles of Whole Seeds, Hulls, and Dehulled Seeds of Two Industrial Hemp ( L.) Cultivars.

As a source of nutritionally important components, hemp seeds are often dehulled for consumption and food applications by removing the hard hulls, which increases their nutritional value. The hulls thus become waste, although they may contain valuable protein items, about which there is a lack of information. The present work is therefore aimed at evaluating the proteome of hemp ( L.

Milk Thistle Oilseed Cake Flour Fractions: A Source of Silymarin and Macronutrients for Gluten-Free Bread.

The utilization of plant by-products as functional food ingredients has received increasing attention in the last decade. One such by-product generated during milk thistle oil pressing is oilseed cakes, which could be used as a novel food ingredient. Therefore, the study aimed at investigating the effects of the addition of milk thistle oilseed cake (MTOC) flour fractions obtained via dry sieving, differing in particle size (unsieved; coarse: >710 µm; medium: 315−710 µm; and fine: <315 µm), on the quality of gluten-free bread and stability of silymarin during breadmaking.

Formation of Previously Undescribed Δ-Phytosterol Oxidation Products and Tocopherylquinone Adducts in Pumpkin Seed Oil during Roasting, Screw-Pressing, and Simulated Culinary Processing at Elevated Temperatures.

The influence of pumpkin seed roasting conditions (110-140 °C) and screw-pressing on the formation of previously undescribed Δ-phytosterol oxidation products and tocopherylquinone adducts with nucleophilic phosphatidylethanolamine species was investigated. The roasting process of pumpkin seed paste at a temperature above 120 °C for 30 min considerably enhanced the formation of Δ-oxysterols. Targeted analysis [electron impact mass spectrometry (MS), 1D-nuclear magnetic resonance] led to the identification of five novel markers of pumpkin paste roasting, among which (3β,5α,22,24)-stigmasta-7,22-dien-6-one-3-ol (6-oxo-α-spinasterol), stereoisomers of (3β,5α,22)-7,8-epoxystigmast-22-en-3-ol (7,8-epoxy-α-spinasterol), and (3β,5α)-22,23-epoxystigmast-7-en-3-ol (7,8-epoxy-α-spinasterol) were reported in edible oils for the first time.

Oilseed Cake Flour Composition, Functional Properties and Antioxidant Potential as Effects of Sieving and Species Differences.

Oilseed cakes are produced as a by-product of oil pressing and are mostly used as feed. Their use for human consumption is due to the functional properties and benefits for human health. Herein, oilseed cake flours of eight species (flax, hemp, milk thistle, poppy, pumpkin, rapeseed, safflower, sunflower) were sieved into fractions above (A250) and below (B250) 250 µm.

Antifungal and antimicrobial proteins and peptides of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers and their applications.

Potato proteins are well known for their nutritional, emulsifying, foaming, gel forming or antioxidant properties that all make from them valuable protein source for food industry. Antifungal, antimicrobial and also antiviral properties, described for potato proteins in the review, enrich the possibilities of potato protein usage. Potato proteins were divided into patatin, protease inhibitors and fraction of other proteins that also included, besides others, proteins involved in potato defence physiology.

Proteomic characterization and antifungal activity of potato tuber proteins isolated from starch production waste under different temperature regimes.

Proteins were obtained from effluent of a starch manufacture by using different isolation temperatures (40, 60, 80, and 100 °C). The proteins, remaining in effluent after treatment of potato juice at 80 and 100 °C differed significantly in composition and in structural stability as well as in trypsin inhibitory and antifungal activities in comparison with the variants of 40 and 60 °C. The protein samples of 80 °C exhibited the highest antifungal activity and its average value of IC against five strains of two Fusarium species was determined in average at 0.

N-glycome profiling of patatins from different potato species of Solanum genus.

It is hypothesized that oligosaccharides are another potential source of immunological cross-reaction between different plant allergens. Patatin is the most abundant glycoprotein in potato and has been described to have an oligosaccharide of composition Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc2(Fuc). In this work, N-glycosylation profiles of patatin proteins isolated from tubers of different potato species were investigated and compared.

Cultivar variability of patatin biochemical characteristics: table versus processing potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.).

Biochemical characteristics of patatin proteins purified by ion-exchange and affinity chromatography from tubers of 20 potato cultivars were studied to evaluate their genotype differences with respect to utility groups, table potato cultivars (TPCs) and processing potato cultivars (PPCs). Both groups of cultivars showed similar values of protein content in dry matter (3.98-7.

Chemical composition and nutritional value of protein concentrates isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) fruit juice by precipitation with ethanol or ferric chloride.

Effects of protein precipitators, ethanol and ferric chloride, on yield, resolubility, chemical composition and nutritional value of protein concentrates isolated from industrial potato fruit juice (PFJ) were studied. Optimum precipitating concentrations of ethanol and ferric chloride in PFJ were 4 M (23.1% v/v) and 20 mM (2% w/v), resulting in yield of 69% and 86.

Trace elements in hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

Alterations in blood and tissue concentrations of trace elements in patients with chronic renal failure have been extensively investigated. Selenium, zinc and copper are elements which play an important role in biological systems as components of proteins, enzymes and antioxidants. The concentrations of selenium, zinc and copper were determined in the plasma, erythrocytes and whole blood of patients on regular hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment using the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Retinol and alpha-tocopherol in hemodialysis patients.

The biological effects of reactive oxygen species and other radicals controlled by antioxidant mechanisms are modified by various enzymes and other substrates. Antioxidant substrates are divided into those with lipophilic and hydrophilic groups. Retinol and tocopherol are the main representations of lipophilic antioxidants.

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in CAPD patients.

The mechanisms of free-radical injury include reactions with proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides; and covalent binding to membrane components and initiation of lipid peroxidation. Cells have developed antioxidant defense to prevent free-radical injury including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Significantly higher concentrations of total malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma (1.

Antioxidant enzymes--superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase--in haemodialyzed patients.

The biological effect of oxygen-reactive species controlled by antioxidant mechanisms are exerted on the basis of antioxidant enzymes and substrates. In this study, the activities of antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-were determined in the erythrocytes of patients on regular haemodialysis treatment. The SOD activity was significantly lower (1,810.

Endothelin in patients with chronic renal failure.

Hypertension, anemia, and arteriovenous shunts represent very important pathogenic factors in the occurrence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal failure. It can be expected that endothelin (ET), the most potent vasoconstrictor known at present, can react in a significant way to the hemodynamic changes caused by the construction of a vascular shunt or anemia. In 14 patients the plasma ET concentration was examined before and 24 and 7 days after the construction of arteriovenous fistula.

[Endothelin in patients with chronic kidney failure].

Background: Hypertension, anaemia and arteriovenous shunts represent very important pathogenetic factors in the occurrence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal failure. It can be expected that endothelin (ET), the most potent vasoconstrictor known at present, can react in a significant way to the haemodynamic changes, caused by the construction of a vascular shunt or anaemia.

Methods And Results: In 14 patients (7 men and 7 women, mean age 47 years, ranging from 19 to 70 years) the plasma ET concentration was examined before, 24 hours and 7 days after the construction of arteriovenous fistula.

The effect of calcium channel blockers on cyclosporine A (Cs A) induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

The limiting factor in the therapeutical use of cyclosporine A (Cs A) is its nephrotoxicity, which may lead to renal failure. Cs A nephrotoxicity may present itself as an acute decrease in GFR, or as a chronic renal injury. Nephrotoxicity is caused by the indirect vasoconstriction effect mainly on proximal tubule and afferent arteriols.

[Ophthalmologic and psychophysiologic changes in patients in long-term dialysis treatment].

In 14 patients (7 men and 7 women), mean age 48 and 50 years resp. with chronic renal failure, having regular dialyzation treatment for more than 10 years (2 patients more than 20 years) the authors made ophthalmological and psychophysiological examinations in order to assess complications after prolonged dialysis. In three patients dialysis was discontinued while a graft was functional.

[The carpal tunnel syndrome, its diagnosis and therapy].

Secondary amyloidosis is a complication typical for patients on long-term haemodialysis (HD). The first clinical signs are usually shoulder joint pain and CTS. We have questioned 74 patients who were on regular HD treatment and divided them into 3 groups according to the length of HD.

[Erythropoietin or transfusion?].

The cause of anaemia in dialyzed patients is multifactorial. In the submitted paper the authors give an account of their experience with the treatment of 40 patients with erythropoietin (Eprex Cilag Co.).

Lipid peroxidation on dialysis membranes.

The aim of this study was to compare the changes of lipid peroxidation during haemodialysis (HD), using various types of dialyser membranes. A significantly higher concentration of total and free TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reacting substance) was found in blood and in plasma of HD patients, compared with the control group of blood donors. During the HD session the TBARS levels grow significantly, compared to the initial levels on both membranes (Alpha 500, Pro500), and are significantly higher after 15 min of HD on Alpha 500 membrane.

Diagnosis and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Secondary amyloidosis is a complication typical for patients on long-term hemodialysis. The first clinical signs are usually shoulder joint pain and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). We have questioned 74 patients who were on regular hemodialysis (HD) treatment and divided them into 3 groups according to the length of HD.