Differences in phenological term changes in field crops and wild plants - do they have the same response to climate change in Central Europe?

Phenological shifts in wild-growing plants and wild animal phenophases are well documented at many European sites. Less is known about phenological shifts in agricultural plants and how wild ecosystem phenology interacts with crop phenology. Here, we present long-term phenological observations (1961-2021) from the Czech Republic for wild plants and agricultural crops and how the timing of phenophases differs from each other.

Update on clinical and experimental management of diabetic cardiomyopathy: addressing current and future therapy.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe secondary complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that is diagnosed as a heart disease occurring in the absence of any previous cardiovascular pathology in diabetic patients. Although it is still lacking an exact definition as it combines aspects of both pathologies - T2DM and heart failure, more evidence comes forward that declares DCM as one complex disease that should be treated separately. It is the ambiguous pathological phenotype, symptoms or biomarkers that makes DCM hard to diagnose and screen for its early onset.

A simple UHPLC-MS/MS method for determination of SET2, a selective antagonist of TRPV2 receptor, in rat plasma samples.

Targeting the transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 channels (TRPV2) in order to alleviate or reverse the course of several diseases including multiple cancers, cardiovascular, immunological, or neurological disorders have been a matter of focus for several years now. SET2, a selective TRPV2 inhibitor, represents an innovative molecule which came into recognition in 2019 and seems to be a promising therapeutic modality in cancer and cardiac diseases. Drug discovery and bioanalysis in clinical environment demands simple, excellent, highly reliable, fast, sensitive, and selective analytical approaches which enable unambiguous identification and quantification of demanded molecule.

Analysis of Signaling Pathways of Necroptotic and Pyroptotic Cell Death in the Hearts of Rats With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus is known to produce various cell-damaging events and thereby underlie heart dysfunction and remodeling. However, very little is known about its inflammation-associated pathomechanisms due to necrosis-like cell death. For this purpose, we aimed to investigate signaling pathways of necroptosis and pyroptosis, known to produce plasma membrane rupture with the resultant promotion of inflammation.

Intermittent Hypoxic Preconditioning Plays a Cardioprotective Role in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy.

Intermittent hypoxic preconditioning (IHP) is a well-established cardioprotective intervention in models of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Nevertheless, the significance of IHP in different cardiac pathologies remains elusive. In order to investigate the role of IHP and its effects on calcium-dependent signalization in HF, we employed a model of cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin (Dox), a widely used drug from the class of cardiotoxic antineoplastics, which was i.

Common snowdrop as a climate change bioindicator in Czechia.

The phenological response to climate change differs among species. We examined the beginning of flowering of the common snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) in connection with meteorological variables in Czechia in the period 1923-2021. The long-term series were analyzed from phenological and meteorological stations of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI).

Antibacterial and Antifouling Efficiency of Essential Oils-Loaded Electrospun Polyvinylidene Difluoride Membranes.

Nanofibers have become a promising material in many industries in recent years, mainly due to their various properties. The only disadvantage of nanofibers as a potential filtration membrane is their short life due to clogging by bacteria in water treatment. The enrichment of nanofibers with active molecules could prevent these negative effects, represented by essential oils components such as Thymol, Eugenol, Linalool, Cinnamaldehyde and Carvacrol.

Quercetin alleviates diastolic dysfunction and suppresses adverse pro-hypertrophic signaling in diabetic rats.

Introduction: Quercetin (Que) is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant flavonoid with cardioprotective potential. However, very little is known about the signaling pathways and gene regulatory proteins Que may interfere with, especially in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, we aimed to study the potential cardioprotective effects of Que on the cardiac phenotype of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accompanied by obesity.

Gene Profiling as a Tool for Personalized Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis With Proton Pump Inhibitors in Critically Ill Patients - Recommendations Proposal.

To this date, there are no recommendations for personalized stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in critical care that would take the patient's individual genetic predispositions into account. Of drugs used for this purpose, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the first-choice drugs in intensive care unit patients. The degradation of proton pump inhibitors is mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes; in particular, CYP2C19 and, to a lesser extent, CYP3A4 are involved.

Comparison of the Effect on Vessel Density and RNFL between Carteolol and Latanoprost.

The aim of the study was to compare the treatment of hypertensive glaucoma (HTG) in the early stages with carteolol and latanoprost by assessing the change in vessel density (VD) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). Methods: The first group with diagnosed HTG consisted of 46 eyes treated with carteolol; the second group consisted of 52 eyes treated with latanoprost. The following examinations were evaluated in all patients: intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), vessel density (VD) and visual field examination (glaucoma fast threshold test).

OCT ANGIOGRAPHY AND DOPPLER ULTRASOUND IN HYPERTENSION GLAUCOMA.

Aims: The main aim of this work was to find out if there is a correlation between vessel density (VD) and results of measured perfusion values in ophthalmic artery and in central retinal artery of the same eye in a group with hypertension glaucoma (HTG).

Materials And Methods: The file included 20 patients with HTG, thereof 13 women of average age 68.7 years (49-80 years) and 7 men of average age 58.

OCT ANGIOGRAPHY, VISUAL FIELD AND RNFL WITH VARIOUS MEDICATIONS IN HYPERTENSIVE GLAUCOMAS.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine whether hypertensive glaucoma (HTG) with different types of treatment leads to significant damage in any of the evaluated parameters.

Sample And Methodology: The sample, consisting of 36 HTG patients (72 eyes), was divided into three subgroups: In the first group, patients were treated with combination therapy (latanoprost + timolol, latanoprost + dorzolamide + timolol, dorzolamide + timolol). The group consisted of seven women and five men, with an average age of 64 years (49-81).

Biofilm Formation Reduction by Eugenol and Thymol on Biodegradable Food Packaging Material.

Biofilm is a structured community of microorganisms adhering to surfaces of various polymeric materials used in food packaging. Microbes in the biofilm may affect food quality. However, the presence of biofilm can ensure biodegradation of discarded packaging.

Alternative RAS in Various Hypoxic Conditions: From Myocardial Infarction to COVID-19.

Alternative branches of the classical renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) represent an important cascade in which angiotensin 2 (AngII) undergoes cleavage via the action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with subsequent production of Ang(1-7) and other related metabolites eliciting its effects via Mas receptor activation. Generally, this branch of the RAS system is described as its non-canonical alternative arm with counterbalancing actions to the classical RAS, conveying vasodilation, anti-inflammatory, anti-remodeling and anti-proliferative effects. The implication of this branch was proposed for many different diseases, ranging from acute cardiovascular conditions, through chronic respiratory diseases to cancer, nonetheless, hypoxia is one of the most prominent common factors discussed in conjugation with the changes in the activity of alternative RAS branches.

The Possibility of Consensus Regarding Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Agriculture and Forestry among Stakeholder Groups in the Czech Republic.

As ongoing research efforts contribute to elucidating the consequences of climate change as well as adaptation and mitigation options, aligning the current research knowledge with stakeholder opinions and perceptions remains critical for adopting effective climate change policies. This paper utilizes an interactive survey to (1) address the aforementioned gap in studies involving three groups of stakeholders and opinion makers and (2) perform a comparative primary study of the climate change assumptions, risk perceptions, policy preferences, observations, and knowledge of Czech farmers, governmental policy-makers and researchers. This study shows that the stakeholder groups agree that the climate is clearly changing, attribute this change mostly to man-made causes and expect the negative effects to either prevail or be unevenly geographically distributed.

Dry Sliding Friction of Tool Steels and Their Comparison of Wear in Contact with ZrO and X46Cr13.

Tool steels are used in stamping, shearing processes, and as cutting tools due to their good mechanical properties. During their working cycle, steels are subject to aggressive conditions such as heat stress, fatigue, and wear. In this paper, three tool steels, namely X153CrMoV12, X37CrMoV5-1, and X45NiCrMo4 were selected against two types of bearing balls, ZrO and X46Cr1.

Influence of climate change on flowering season of birch in the Czech Republic.

This paper analyzes a long-term (1991-2019) flowering period of birch in the Czech Republic. Temporal and spatial evaluation in timing of beginning and end of flowering (F and F) and flowering period (F) of Betula pendula were investigated in different zones of the Czech Republic. The field observations were carried out at 44 sites of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute phenological network; the detailed analysis including growing degree days (GDD) evaluation to F and F onsets and time of flowering were made at 9 sites in different altitudes.

Normal tension vs high tension glaucoma: an - overview.

The study provides an up-to-date overview of pathogenesis, functional and structural changes in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and its differences from high tension glaucomas (HTG). The authors point to less known facts which make both diagnostic groups different. First of all, there are electrophysiological findings that verify pathology in the complete visual pathway in HTG in contrast to NTG where the retinal ganglion cell response is relatively normal but the abnormalities are in the visual pathway.

Phenological sensitivity to climate change is higher in resident than in migrant bird populations among European cavity breeders.

Many organisms adjust their reproductive phenology in response to climate change, but phenological sensitivity to temperature may vary between species. For example, resident and migratory birds have vastly different annual cycles, which can cause differential temperature sensitivity at the breeding grounds, and may affect competitive dynamics. Currently, however, adjustment to climate change in resident and migratory birds have been studied separately or at relatively small geographical scales with varying time series durations and methodologies.

Serum Level of Antibodies (IgG, IgM) Against Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-DNA Adducts in Children Dermatologically Exposed to Coal Tar.

Crude coal tar (CCT) contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is metabolized into a highly reactive metabolite benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) that is able to bind to DNA and creates BPDE-DNA adducts. Adducted DNA becomes immunogenic and induces immune response by production of antibodies against BPDE-DNA adducts (Ab-BPDE-DNA).

Successful Mercaptopurine Usage despite Azathioprine-Induced Pancreatitis in Paediatric Crohn's Disease.

Background: Azathioprine [AZA] and mercaptopurine [MP] are recommended for maintenance of steroid-free remission in children with Crohn`s disease [CD]. Azathioprine-induced pancreatitis, an idiosyncratic and major side effect, has been considered as an absolute contraindication for the use of a second thiopurine in IBD patients.

Materials And Methods: We describe two children with CD in whom MP were successfully trialled after a confirmed azathioprine-induced pancreatitis, being well tolerated in both cases.

Diplacone and mimulone ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats.

Diplacone (1) and mimulone (2), two geranylated flavanones, have previously shown anti-inflammatory and antiradical activity in vitro. The present study aimed to evaluate their activity in vivo on a model of colitis induced in Wistar rats by an oral administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Diplacone (1) and mimulone (2) were administered at a bolus dose of 25mg/kg by gastric gavage 48 and 24h prior to the induction of colitis by DSS and every 24h on the following days of the experiment.

Antibacterial efficiency of vermiculite/chlorhexidine nanocomposites and results of the in vivo test of harmlessness of vermiculite.

Clay minerals have been proposed as very useful materials for modulating drug delivery. These are the commonly used materials in pharmaceutical production both as inorganic carriers or active agents. We focused on the development of suitable long-acting material for local treatment of oral infection where clay minerals act as inorganic drug carriers.

Frequencies of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes in Czech and Slovak coeliac patients and the healthy population.

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder with genetic predisposition. The aim was to determine the frequency of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 in Czech and Slovak patients and the healthy population. The study included 127 patients and 66 healthy volunteers.

Three polymorphisms in promoter of protein C gene with endothelial protein c receptor gene and risk of venous thrombosis.

The primary abnormalities that are associated with a risk of venous thrombosis are the deficiencies of protein C. Protein C (PROC), encoded by the PROC gene, acts through its affinity for binding to its transmembrane endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) encoded by the EPCR gene. The objective of the study was to analyze the link between three polymorphisms in the promoter of PROC gene, the polymorphism in the EPCR gene and the occurrence of venous thrombosis.