Microglial type I interferon signaling mediates chronic stress-induced synapse loss and social behavior deficits.

Inflammation and synapse loss have been associated with deficits in social behavior and are involved in pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Synapse loss, characterized by reduction in dendritic spines can significantly disrupt synaptic connectivity and neural circuitry underlying social behavior. Chronic stress is known to induce loss of spines and dendrites in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region implicated in social behavior.

Activation of cell-free mtDNA-TLR9 signaling mediates chronic stress-induced social behavior deficits.

Inflammation and social behavior deficits are associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Chronic stress, a major risk factor for depression and other mental health conditions is known to increase inflammatory responses and social behavior impairments. Disturbances in mitochondria function have been found in chronic stress conditions, however the mechanisms that link mitochondrial dysfunction to stress-induced social behavior deficits are not well understood.

Handling Detection Limits of Multiplex Lateral Flow Immunoassay by Choosing the Order of Binding Zones.

Changes in the limits of detection (LODs) for a multiplex lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) caused by different locations of the binding zone on the test strips were studied. Due to the non-equilibrium conditions of the immune reactions in LFIAs, their analytical parameters are susceptible to the binding constants of antigen-antibody reactions and assay duration. Consequently, the integration of several tests into one multiplex assay can cause a significant worsening of the sensitivity.

Double Competitive Immunodetection of Small Analyte: Realization for Highly Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Chloramphenicol.

A new scheme of reagents interaction for lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is proposed, which combines the features of competitive and sandwich assay and provides highly sensitive detection of low-molecular-weight analytes. Namely, the antigen in the sample interferes with the formation of the antibody (on the membrane)-hapten-protein-antibody (on the nanoparticle-marker) complex, competing with hapten-protein conjugate in both reactions. The proposed scheme was modelled using COPASI software, with a prediction of limit of detection (LOD) decrease by one order of magnitude compared to the standard competitive LFIA.

Design of Multiplex Lateral Flow Tests: A Case Study for Simultaneous Detection of Three Antibiotics.

The presented study is focused on the impact of binding zone location on immunochromatographic test strips on the analytical parameters of multiplex lateral flow assays. Due to non-equilibrium conditions for such assays the duration of immune reactions influences significantly the analytical parameters, and the integration of several analytes into one multiplex strip may cause an essential decrease of sensitivity. To choose the best location for binding zones, we have tested reactants for immunochromatographic assays of lincomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline.

Development of Immunochromatographic Assay for Determination of Tetracycline in Human Serum.

Determining antibiotic concentration in human blood provides useful pharmacokinetic information. Commonly used methods such as ELISA require a long time to obtain results and thus cannot be applied when information is needed immediately. In this study, a novel antibody-based lateral flow technique was developed for tetracycline detection in human serum.

"External" antibodies as the simplest tool for sensitive immunochromatographic tests.

The scheme of immunochromatographic competitive analysis with "external" specific antibodies is offered for the first time. The test strip includes all the necessary components for analysis (membranes, protein antigen conjugates, colored nanoparticles), except specific free unconjugated antibodies that are transferred to the buffer used for sample dilution. Thus, the concentrations of the antibodies and markers can be chosen independently, and dilution of the sample with buffer (a routine procedure for any immunochromatographic test) ensures pre-incubation of the antibodies with the sample.

[The clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of soft-tissue suppurative-inflammatory diseases in patients with narcotic dependence].

Comparative analysis of clinical course and the diagnostic methods of purulent-inflammatory disease of soft tissues was performed in 20 patients with drug abuse (the 1st group) and in 20 patients, who are keeping the normal way of living (2nd group). In 16 (80%) of patients of the 1st group the anaerobic non-clostridial infection (ANI) was diagnosed. The factors causing the ANI occurrence, were determined, the programme of treatment was introduced.

[The programmed revision of the wound after the radical excision of an epithelial coccygeal cyst].

A method of programmed revision has been developed and used in 20 patients after excision of the pilonidal sinus.