Nosocomial candidemia in the Czech Republic in 2012-2015: results of a microbiological multicentre study.

Unlabelled:   Background: Candidemia is a severe and often life-threatening infection frequently occurring in critically ill patients. During the last decade, new therapeutic and prophylactic strategies influenced (at least in some patient subgroups) the epidemiological situation and the spectrum of causative Candida strains. The present multicentre study aimed to assess the current epidemiological situation of Candida strains causing invasive candidiasis (IC) in patients of tertiary care hospitals in the Czech Republic.

[Antibiotic resistance in nontyphoidal salmonellae serovars in the Czech Republic].

Study Aim: To determine antibiotic resistance and incidence of multidrug resistance among Nontyphoidal salmonellae serovars isolated from humans.

Material And Methods: Consecutive Salmonella isolates from patients, recovered in 48 microbiology laboratories in May 2012, were analyzed in the respective reference laboratories at the National Institute of Public Health. Strains were re-identified and differentiated into serovars.

[Congenital rubella syndrome - case report].

The goal of this case report is not only to describe a case of congenital rubella syndrome that is currently rarely seen in the Czech Republic but also to emphasize the importance of vaccination against rubella. Rubella usually occurs in susceptible children as a mild illness with rush. Its association with abortions and severe congenital disabilities was noticed in the 1940s.

[Prevalence of ESBL-positive enterobacteriaceae in large moravian hospitals (Czech Republic)].

Background: bacterial infections have become an important issue in current medicine. Recently, their frequency and severity have significantly increased as a result of the rising number of resistant bacteria. One of important mechanisms of resistance is production of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases, namely the ESBL type.

Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in the Czech Republic.

This study focused on the prevalence and molecular biology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected in the Czech Republic. Clinical material from patients hospitalised in 16 Czech hospitals in September 2004 was used to isolate K. pneumoniae strains.

[Prevalence of ESBL-positive strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Czech Republic and their molecular biology analysis].

Background: One of the problems of contemporary medicine is an increasing number of bacterial strains with hazardous phenotypes of resistance. The feared bacterial pathogens include Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing AmpA extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. The study focused on the molecular biological characteristics of ESBL-positive strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae collected in the Czech Republic.

Two high-frequency-transduction phage isolates from lysogenic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa transducing antibiotic resistance.

Two high frequency transduction (HFT) phage isolates, obtained from seriously ill patients, transducing individual determinants of antibiotic resistance with a frequency of 10(-5) (phage isolate AP-103) and 10(-6) (phage isolate AP-343), are described. The frequency of transduction depended on the transduced determinant(s) of resistance used for the detection of transductants and on the individual recipient antibiotic-susceptible strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO and/or ML series). A multiple-antibiotic resistance was transduced by the phage isolate AP-343 to all tested recipient strains.

Further studies of transferable antibiotic resistance in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from four clinical settings in three countries.

This paper describes transferability of antibiotic resistance determinants in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to imipenem, cefotaxime and ceftazidime obtained from different clinical settings in three different countries. Two strains of Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli K-12 and Proteus mirabilis P-38) and two strains of P. aeruginosa (PAO and ML) were used as recipient strains.

[Mobilization of genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

The authors describe a phenomenon of mobilisation of antibiotic resistance from non-transferring strains of P. aeruginosa by cultivation with strains of P. aeruginosa capable to transfer determinants of antibiotic resistance to a susceptible recipient strain, by triparental cross.

[Helicobacter pylori in patients with diabetes mellitus].

The authors assessed the frequency of Helicobacter pylori in diabetic patients with gastroduodenal ulceration and non-ulcerative dyspepsia. They evaluated a group of 91 hospitalized type II diabetics which non-ulcerative dyspepsia, endoscopically confirmed ulceration of the duodenal bulbus and gastric ulceration. The control group was formed by 98 hospitalized non-diabetic subjects.