Denervating the pelvic suspensory ligaments of horses causes morphological and histological changes in the ligaments.

Objective: To examine changes occurring in normal pelvic suspensory ligaments (SLs) of horses after denervating these ligaments and to investigate the effect chronic inflammation might have on these changes.

Animals: 10 horses.

Procedures: The SL of 1 randomly selected pelvic limb of each of 5 horses was injected with collagenase to induce desmitis, and 42 days later, the proximal aspect of both pelvic SLs were denervated.

Incidence of incompatible crossmatch results in dogs admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital with no history of prior red blood cell transfusion.

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of incompatible crossmatch results in dogs without a history of prior RBC transfusion and to evaluate changes in Hct following RBC administration for transfusion-naïve dogs that did and did not have crossmatching performed. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 169 client-owned dogs.

Effect of fentanyl and lidocaine on the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration preventing motor movement in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine effects of fentanyl, lidocaine, and a fentanyl-lidocaine combination on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane preventing motor movement (MAC) in dogs. ANIMALS 6 adult Beagles. PROCEDURES Dogs were anesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen 3 times (1-week intervals).

Pharmacokinetics of moxidectin in alpacas following administration of an oral or subcutaneous formulation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of moxidectin in alpacas after single subcutaneous injection of a non-aqueous formulation or oral administration of an aqueous drench at 0.2 mg∗kg(-1). Plasma moxidectin concentrations were measured with reverse phase HPLC, and data analyzed using non-compartmental methods.

The anesthetic interaction of propofol and sevoflurane on the minimum alveolar concentration preventing motor movement (MACNM) in dogs.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of propofol on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane needed to prevent motor movement (MAC(NM)) in dogs subjected to a noxious stimulus using randomized crossover design. Six, healthy, adult beagles (9.2 ± 1.

The interaction of nitrous oxide and fentanyl on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane blocking motor movement (MACNM) in dogs.

The study objective was to determine the effects of 70% nitrous oxide (N2O) and fentanyl on the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane necessary to prevent movement (MACNM) in response to noxious stimulation in dogs. Six healthy, adult, intact male, mixed-breed dogs were used on 3 occasions in a randomized crossover design. After induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane, each of the following treatments was randomly administered: fentanyl loading dose (Ld) of 15 μg/kg and infusion of 6 μg/kg per hour [treatment 1 (T1)], 70% N2O (T2), or fentanyl (Ld of 15 μg/kg and infusion of 6 μg/kg per hour) combined with 70% N2O (T3).

Use of an inverse dynamics method to compare the three-dimensional motion of the pelvic limb among clinically normal dogs and dogs with cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle joints following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy or lateral fabellar-tibial suture stabilization.

Objective: To compare the 3-D motion of the pelvic limb among clinically normal dogs and dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL)-deficient stifle joints following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) or lateral fabellar-tibial suture (LFS) stabilization by use of an inverse dynamics method.

Animals: 6 clinically normal dogs and 19 dogs with CCL-deficient stifle joints that had undergone TPLO (n = 13) or LFS (6) stabilization at a mean of 4 and 8 years, respectively, prior to evaluation.

Procedures: For all dogs, an inverse dynamics method was used to describe the motion of the pelvic limbs in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes.

Use of an inverse dynamics method to describe the motion of the canine pelvic limb in three dimensions.

Objective: To use an inverse dynamics method to describe the motion of the canine pelvic limb in 3 dimensions.

Animals: 6 healthy adult dogs.

Procedures: For each dog, 16 anatomic and tracking markers were used to define the center of rotation for the pelvic limb joints and a kinematic model was created to describe the motion of the pelvic limb.

Detection of papillomavirus in equine periocular and penile squamous cell carcinoma.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common tumor arising in the periocular and penile areas of horses. Both ultraviolet radiation and papillomaviruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of SCC in various species, including the horse. This retrospective study used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect papillomavirus DNA in archival biopsy samples from equine periocular and penile SCC from 3 different geographic areas (northeast, southeast, and central United States).

Characteristics of residency training associated with first-time pass rate on the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists certifying examination.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association of various aspects of veterinary ophthalmology residency training with the first-time pass rate (FTPR) of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO) examination, as well as the individual written, image recognition, animal examination, and surgical sections of the examination.

Procedures: Program type, resident evaluations, cumulative surgery and case logs, and scores from ACVO examinations from 2007 to 2010 were evaluated.

Results: Data were available for 71 candidates.

Effects of butorphanol versus dexmedetomidine sedation on intradermal allergen and histamine responses in dogs with atopic dermatitis.

Background: Sedation is commonly used during intradermal testing (IDT). Morphine and its derivatives have long been avoided because of their histamine-releasing effects.

Hypothesis/objectives: Butorphanol, an opioid agonist/antagonist, will not adversely affect IDT in dogs.

The effect of nitrous oxide on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and MAC derivatives of isoflurane in dogs.

This study investigated the effects of 70% nitrous oxide (N2O) on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane (ISO) that prevents purposeful movement, the MAC of ISO at which there is no motor movement (MACNM), and the MAC of ISO at which autonomic responses are blocked (MACBAR) in dogs. Six adult, healthy, mixed-breed, intact male dogs were anesthetized with ISO delivered via mask. Baseline MAC, MACNM, and MACBAR of ISO were determined for each dog using a supra-maximal electrical stimulus (50 V, 50 Hz, 10 ms).

Repeated administration of tribromoethanol in C57BL/6NHsd mice.

We evaluated the effect of repeated intraperitoneal administration of tribromoethanol on various parameters in C57BL/6NHsd mice. Mice (n = 68) were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 groups to receive tribromoethanol (500 mg/kg IP) on day 0 or days 0 and 8; vehicle (tert-amyl alcohol in sterile water) only on day 0 or days 0 and 8; sterile water injection on day 0 or days 0 and 8; or no treatment. A single dose of tribromoethanol failed to produce loss of pedal reflex and had no effect on median food and water consumption but altered median body weight on days 1 through 4 when compared with that in mice that received vehicle only or no treatment.

The effect of fentanyl on the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration needed to prevent motor movement in dogs.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of fentanyl on the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane needed to prevent motor movement (MACNM ) in response to noxious stimulation, and to evaluate if acute tolerance develops.

Study Design: Randomized cross-over experimental study.

Animals: Six healthy, adult (2-3 years old), intact male, mixed-breed dogs weighing 16.

Socioeconomic determinants of geographic disparities in campylobacteriosis risk: a comparison of global and local modeling approaches.

Background: Socioeconomic factors play a complex role in determining the risk of campylobacteriosis. Understanding the spatial interplay between these factors and disease risk can guide disease control programs. Historically, Poisson and negative binomial models have been used to investigate determinants of geographic disparities in risk.

Use of nitinol stents for end-stage tracheal collapse in dogs.

Objective: To report bronchoscopic placement of nitinol stents (Vet Stent-Trachea®) for improvement of end-stage clinical signs in dogs with tracheal collapse.

Study Design: Case series.

Sample Population: Dogs (n = 18).

Pot-bellied pig neoplasia: a retrospective case series (2004-2011).

The current report summarizes the incidence and variety of neoplasms in pot-bellied pigs as documented by the pathology group at the University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine (UTCVM) between 2004 and 2011. Sixty-three pot-bellied pig cases (53 necropsies and 10 surgical biopsies) were identified from the UTCVM case database. Of these, 22 cases from 21 patients (34.

Effect of nitrous oxide on the minimum alveolar concentration for sevoflurane and the minimum alveolar concentration derivatives that prevent motor movement and autonomic responses in dogs.

Objective: To investigate the effects of the concurrent administration of 70% N(2)O on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for sevoflurane in dogs, the MAC derivative that blocks motor movement (MAC(NM)), and the MAC derivative that blocks autonomic responses (MAC(BAR)).

Animals: 7 adult sexually intact male mixed-breed dogs.

Procedures: For each dog, anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane delivered via a face mask.

Treatment outcome of dogs with meticillin-resistant and meticillin-susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius pyoderma.

Background: The prevalence of meticillin- and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in canine pyoderma has been increasing in recent years; thus, treatment of these cases has become challenging.

Hypothesis/objectives: To compare treatment outcome (clinical resolution and treatment duration), adverse effects of medication, and concurrent diseases and medications in dogs with meticillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) and MRSP pyoderma.

Detection of high risk campylobacteriosis clusters at three geographic levels.

Campylobacteriosis is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States and many other developed countries. Understanding the spatial distribution of this disease and identifying high-risk areas is vital to focus resources for prevention and control measures. In addition, determining the appropriate scale for geographical analysis of surveillance data is an area of concern to epidemiologists and public health officials.

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of preinduction hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) in ameliorating signs of experimentally induced endotoxemia in horses.

Animals: 18 healthy adult horses.

Procedures: Horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 equal-sized treatment groups to receive normobaric ambient air and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), HBOT and LPS, or HBOT and physiologic saline (0.

The effect of ketamine on the MACBAR of sevoflurane in dogs.

Objective: To determine the effect of intravenous ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane needed to block autonomic response (MAC(BAR)) to a noxious stimulus in dogs.

Study Design: Randomized, crossover, prospective design.

Animals: Eight, healthy, adult male, mixed-breed dogs, weighing 11.

Risk factors associated with failure of heartworm prophylaxis among members of a national hunting dog club.

Objective: To identify practices associated with failure of heartworm prophylaxis among dog and kennel owners and dog trainers.

Design: Online survey and mail-in questionnaire. Sample-708 members of a national hunting dog club.

Survey of heartworm prevention practices among members of a national hunting dog club.

Surveillance data indicate that failures have been reported for virtually all heartworm prevention product categories. Resistance of third and fourth stage larvae of Dirofilaria immitis to macrocyclic lactones, lack of compliance, other unknown factors, or a combination of these reasons may be the cause of failure. A survey of members of a national hunting dog club was conducted to identify practices used to prevent canine heartworm infections.