Diffusion Correction in Fricke Hydrogel Dosimeters: A Deep Learning Approach with 2D and 3D Physics-Informed Neural Network Models.

In this work an innovative approach was developed to address a significant challenge in the field of radiation dosimetry: the accurate measurement of spatial dose distributions using Fricke gel dosimeters. Hydrogels are widely used in radiation dosimetry due to their ability to simulate the tissue-equivalent properties of human tissue, making them ideal for measuring and mapping radiation dose distributions. Among the various gel dosimeters, Fricke gels exploit the radiation-induced oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric ions and are particularly notable due to their sensitivity.

Improvement of neutron sensitivity for lithium formate EPR dosemeters: a Monte Carlo analysis.

This work presents the computational analysis of the sensitivity improvements that could be achieved in lithium formate monohydrate (LFM) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosemeters exposed to neutron beams. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed on LFM pellets exposed to neutron beams with different energy spectra at various depths inside a water phantom. Various computations were carried out by considering different enrichments of 6Li inside the LFM matrix as well as addition of different amounts of gadolinium oxide inside the pellet blend.

Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for next-generation photovoltaics.

In the ever-increasing energy demand scenario, the development of novel photovoltaic (PV) technologies is considered to be one of the key solutions to fulfil the energy request. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GRMs), including nonlayered 2D materials and 2D perovskites, as well as their hybrid systems, are emerging as promising candidates to drive innovation in PV technologies. The mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of GRMs can be exploited in different active components of solar cells to design next-generation devices.

Assessment of contamination of in imported black pepper and sesame seed and salmonella inactivation by gamma irradiation.

This study shows the frequency of seeds samples contaminated by spp. collected randomly from local markets; on 30 black pepper sample no contaminated sample was found while spp. was detected in 3 of 36 (8.

Real-world effectiveness and safety of Guselkumab for the treatment of psoriasis: a 6-month prospective study in a series of psoriatic patients.

Objective: Guselkumab is a fully human monoclonal IgG1 antibody which, by selectively binding to the p19 subunit of IL-23, prevents it from binding to the IL-23 receptor on the cell surfaces. To date, no prospective data are available on the efficacy and safety of this drug in everyday clinical practice in patients with psoriasis (PSO).

Materials And Methods: This is a longitudinal, single arm, real-world, prospective study to investigate the effect of Guselkumab on PSO and quality of life (DLQI) in 44 PSO patients.

A rare skin infection in atopic dermatitis: A case report.

Atopic dermatitis is associated with a susceptibility to infection usually by Staphylococcus spp due to a decrease of AMPs and Th2 cytokines (eg, IL-17). We reported a rare E. faecalis skin contamination in AD patients due to a frequent contact with excrement.

Polypyridyl ligands as a versatile platform for solid-state light-emitting devices.

The replacement of inorganic semiconductors with molecule-based compounds for applications in current-to-light conversion has led to a significant increase in interdisciplinary collaborations worldwide, affording new improved organic-light emitting diodes (OLEDs) ripe for commercial applications, as well as light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) that have recently started to head to the market. This review highlights the role that transition metal coordination complexes (TMCs) have played in advancing the field of molecular electronics, from early conception to the advanced development of several polypyridyl complexes currently pursued for both OLED and LEC concepts. In this context, the design and synthesis of Ir(iii), Pt(ii), Cu(i) and Ag(i) complexes as the emissive components of OLEDs and LECs are thoughtfully presented.

Computational aspects of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: A review.

Anthocyanins and anthocyanidins are polyphenolic compounds, responsible for the red and blue colours in several fruits, flowers, and leaves. Their colorant properties, bioavailability and antioxidant activity, made anthocyanins and anthocyanidins largely adopted in food and pharmaceutical industries. In this body of work, we firstly introduced structure, photophysical properties, co-pigmentation, antioxidant properties, glycosylation and complexation of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins.

Secukinumab for plaque psoriasis with ocular comorbidity: a clinical experience.

Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disorder associated with many other chronic and progressive diseases. Ocular comorbidity has been reported in 10-15% of patients with plaque psoriasis, but the real incidence is still underestimated. This paper reports successful treatment with secukinumab of a patient with plaque psoriasis and dry eye syndrome.

Auditory System Involvement in Psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disorder associated with many other chronic and progressive diseases. There are few studies on the association of psoriasis with alterations in auditory function. A clinical and instrumental pilot study of auditory function was performed with 77 psoriatic patients and 77 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Characterization of phenolic pellets for ESR dosimetry in photon beam radiotherapy.

This work deals with the dosimetric features of a particular phenolic compound (IRGANOX 1076) for dosimetry of clinical photon beams by using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. After the optimization of the ESR readout parameters (namely modulation amplitude and microwave power) to maximise the signal without excessive spectrum distortions, basic dosimetric properties of laboratory-made phenolic dosimeters in pellet form, such as reproducibility, dose-response, sensitivity, linearity and dose rate dependence were investigated. The dosimeters were tested by measuring the depth dose profile of a 6 MV photon beam.

Bayesian second law of thermodynamics.

We derive a generalization of the second law of thermodynamics that uses Bayesian updates to explicitly incorporate the effects of a measurement of a system at some point in its evolution. By allowing an experimenter's knowledge to be updated by the measurement process, this formulation resolves a tension between the fact that the entropy of a statistical system can sometimes fluctuate downward and the information-theoretic idea that knowledge of a stochastically evolving system degrades over time. The Bayesian second law can be written as ΔH(ρ_{m},ρ)+〈Q〉_{F|m}≥0, where ΔH(ρ_{m},ρ) is the change in the cross entropy between the original phase-space probability distribution ρ and the measurement-updated distribution ρ_{m} and 〈Q〉_{F|m} is the expectation value of a generalized heat flow out of the system.

2D-Crystal-Based Functional Inks.

The possibility to produce and process graphene, related 2D crystals, and heterostructures in the liquid phase makes them promising materials for an ever-growing class of applications as composite materials, sensors, in flexible optoelectronics, and energy storage and conversion. In particular, the ability to formulate functional inks with on-demand rheological and morphological properties, i.e.

Nanostructured anatase TiO2 densified at high pressure as advanced visible light photocatalysts.

This study reports on characterization and photoactivity of nanostructured TiO2 samples, which have been permanently densified under high pressures, up to 2.1 GPa. Commercial Mirkat 211 anatase has been used as a benchmark sample, in order to investigate the effect of unidirectional high pressure on structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of TiO2.

Vegetable-based dye-sensitized solar cells.

There is currently a large effort to improve the performance of low cost renewable energy devices. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are emerging as one of the most promising low cost photovoltaic technologies, addressing "secure, clean and efficient solar energy conversion". Vegetable dyes, extracted from algae, flowers, fruit and leaves, can be used as sensitizers in DSSCs.

Validation of the Italian version of the burn specific health scale-brief.

Introduction: A growing awareness of psychological and functional impairment due to burns have led to the development of specific instruments to evaluate Quality of Life in this population, such as the Burn Specific Health Scale - Brief (BSHS-B), whose psychometric properties have been consistently verified. The aim of this study was to translate the BSHS-B into Italian and to investigate its reliability and validity.

Methods: Translation procedures were carried out according to accepted standards.

Sensitivity of alanine dosimeters with gadolinium exposed to 6 MV photons at clinical doses.

In this study we analyzed the ESR signal of alanine dosimeters with gadolinium exposed to 6 MV linear accelerator photons. We observed that the addition of gadolinium brings about an improvement in the sensitivity to photons because of its high atomic number. The experimental data indicated that the addition of gadolinium increases the sensitivity of the alanine to 6 MV photons.

A practical and transferable methodology for dose estimation in irradiated spices, based on thermoluminescence dosimetry.

The thermoluminescence technique is recommended by the European Committee for Standardization for the detection of irradiated food containing silicates as contaminants. In this work, the applicability of the thermoluminescence technique as a quantitative method to assess the original dose in irradiated oregano was studied; the additive-dose method was used, with reirradiation doses up to 600 Gy. The proposed new procedure allows to clearly discriminate irradiated from unirradiated samples, even after one year storage, and it gives an acceptable estimation of the original dose; the overall modified procedure requires only one day to be completed.

The Effect of gadolinium on the ESR response of alanine and ammonium tartrate exposed to thermal neutrons.

Many efforts have been made to develop neutron capture therapy (NCT) for cancer treatment. Among the challenges in using NCT is the characterization of the features of the mixed radiation field and of its components. In this study, we examined the enhancement of the ESR response of pellets of alanine and ammonium tartrate with gadolinium oxide exposed to a thermal neutron beam.

Improvement of ESR dosimetry for thermal neutron beams through the addition of gadolinium.

In this paper, the addition of gadolinium is proposed as a useful tool to enhance the electron spin resonance (ESR) sensitivity of organic compounds to thermal neutrons. The target of this work is the detection, through the ESR technique, of the thermal neutron fluence in a mixed field of photons and neutrons. Gadolinium was chosen because it has a very high capture cross section to thermal neutrons; its nuclear reaction with thermal neutrons induces complex inner shell transitions that generate, besides other particles, Auger electrons, which in turn release their energy in the neighborhood (only several nanometers) of the place of reaction.

Alanine blends for ESR measurements of thermal neutron fluence in a mixed radiation field.

In this paper, the results of a study on the electron spin resonance (ESR) dosimetry to measure thermal neutron fluence in a mixed radiation field (neutron and photons) are presented. The ESR responses of alanine dosemeters with different additives are compared. In particular, the (10)B-acid boric and the Gd-oxide were chosen to enhance the sensitivity of alanine dosemeters to thermal neutrons.

Study of the glow curves of TLD exposed to thermal neutrons.

The glow curves of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD600, TLD700 and MCP), exposed to a mixed field of thermal neutrons and gamma photons are analysed. The fluence values of thermal neutrons used, comparable with those used in radiotherapy, allow one to define the reliability of the TLDs, in particular the most sensitive MCP, in this radiation field and to get information on the dose absorbed values. The glow curves obtained have been deconvoluted using general order kinetics and the observed differences for the different LET components have been analysed.

ESR response to gamma-rays of alanine pellets containing B(OH)3 or Gd2O3.

ESR response to gamma-irradiation (1-50 Gy) of blends containing alanine and either B(OH)(3) or Gd(2)O(3) is reported. The sensitivity of the alanine--B(OH)(3) blend is comparable to the sensitivity of pure alanine, although its lowest detectable dose, LDD, is smaller ( approximately 1.3 Gy) than that of pure alanine ( approximately 2.