Significance of HLA in Graves' disease and Graves' orbitopathy in Asian and Caucasian populations - a systematic review.

Introduction: Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' orbitopathy (GO) development were suspected to be HLA-related in both Asian and Caucasian populations. However, most studies were performed with application of serological methods or low resolution genetic typing, which led to inconsistent results even among the same population. The present review is intended to summarize the state-of-art knowledge on the HLA significance in GD and GO in Asians and Caucasians, as well as to find the most significant alleles for each of the populations.

Associations between Lipid Profiles and Graves' Orbitopathy can Be HLA-Dependent.

The risk of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is related to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) profile and was demonstrated to be increased in patients with elevated total cholesterol (TC) and/or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. We hypothesized that there were some HLA alleles that were related to both GO and TC and/or LDL levels. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the TC/LDL results in patients in whom GO-related HLA alleles were present to those in whom they did not occur.

Significance of HLA in the development of Graves' orbitopathy.

Graves' disease (GD), similarly to most autoimmune disease, is triggered by environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Particular HLA alleles increase or decrease GD risk. No such correlation was demonstrated for Graves' orbitopathy (GO) in Caucasian population.

Novel Insight into Non-Genetic Risk Factors of Graves' Orbitopathy.

An assessment of the risk of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an important challenge in Graves' disease (GD) management. The purpose of this study was to compare non-genetic parameters in GD patients with and without GO in order to find novel risk factors and to verify the factors already reported. A total number of 161 people, 70 with GO and 91 non-GO patients were included in this study.

Actual Associations between HLA Haplotype and Graves' Disease Development.

The association between HLA and the risk of Graves' disease (GD) has been analyzed for many years. However, the results were often inconsistent and mostly regarded Asian populations. The purpose of our study was to perform HLA genotyping using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) method in Caucasians, to find out which alleles are eventually correlated with GD morbidity as well as which of them can be considered protective.

Interobserver Agreement and Plane-Dependent Intraobserver Variability of Shear Wave Sonoelastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Ectopic Thymus Tissue.

Shear wave elastography (SWE) has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of ectopic thymus tissues (ETs), providing quantitative values of the shear wave stiffness (SWS) of both ETs and adjacent thyroid tissue. However, no data are available on the potential influence of the imaging plane (transverse vs. longitudinal) on the obtained SWS and shear wave ratio (SWR) values in SWE of these tissues.

Application of Shear Wave Sonoelastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Extra- and Intra-Thyroidal Ectopic Thymic Tissue.

The ultrasound (US) pattern of intrathyroidal ectopic thymus (IET) can resemble papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) while the extrathyroidal ectopic thymus (EET) can mimic pathological lymph nodes. Recently, the usefulness of strain elastography (SE) was demonstrated in the differential diagnosis, however this method has several limitations. The aim of the current study was to assess the usefulness of shear wave elastography (SWE) in this field.

Subacute Thyroiditis is Associated with , - and --The Significance of the New Molecular Background.

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid inflammatory disease whose pathogenesis is still not completely defined. Previous viral infection is considered to be a triggering factor in genetically predisposed individuals. In about 70% of patients, susceptibility to SAT is associated with the allele.

Time-Lag Between Symptom Onset and Diagnosis of Subacute Thyroiditis - How to Avoid the Delay of Diagnosis and Unnecessary Overuse of Antibiotics.

Clinical symptoms of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) may be misleading and the proper diagnosis is significantly delayed, and many unnecessary therapeutic methods are used, including application of antibiotics. The purpose of the study is to analyze the reasons and frequency of delayed SAT diagnosis and unnecessary antibiotic treatment and to propose a simple algorithm to facilitate the diagnosis and prevent antibiotic abuse. Sixty-four SAT patients were divided into groups depending on the period of time from the first symptoms of SAT to diagnosis and on the unnecessary use of antibiotics.

Clinical characteristics of subacute thyroiditis is different than it used to be - current state based on 15 years own material.

Introduction: The clinical characteristics of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) has been changing in recent years. There are more and more patients with painless SAT, and more cases of SAT with elevated levels of anti-thyroid antibodies were reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of SAT patients with special regard to the differences between the previously described and currently observed features of the disease.

The Risk of Recurrence of Subacute Thyroiditis Is HLA-Dependent.

The frequency of recurrence of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is rather high, reaching 20⁻30%. The reason for SAT relapse is still unknown. Recently, we have demonstrated the association between SAT and the presence of HLA-B*18:01, DRB1*01, and C*04:01, apart from the previously known HLA-B*35.

Sonographic Pattern of Subacute Thyroiditis Is HLA-Dependent.

Since 1977 the susceptibility to SAT has been known to be HLA-B35-related in ~70% of patients. Recently it has been demonstrated that SAT is associated with the presence of HLA-B18:01 and DRB101, as well as with HLA-C04:01. The association between the type of genetic SAT background and sonographic pattern of the disease has never been analyzed.

Multi-Channel Convolutional Neural Networks Architecture Feeding for Effective EEG Mental Tasks Classification.

Mental tasks classification is increasingly recognized as a major challenge in the field of EEG signal processing and analysis. State-of-the-art approaches face the issue of spatially unstable structure of highly noised EEG signals. To address this problem, this paper presents a multi-channel convolutional neural network architecture with adaptively optimized parameters.