Humanized mouse as an appropriate model for accelerated global HIV research and vaccine development: current trend.

Humanized mouse models currently have seen improved development and have received wide applications. Its usefulness is observed in cell and tissue transplant involving basic and applied human disease research. In this article, the development of a new generation of humanized mice was discussed as well as their relevant application in HIV disease.

In vitro antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging evaluation of active metabolite constituents of Newbouldia laevis ethanolic leaf extract.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity of bioactive metabolites present in Newbouldia laevis leaf extract.

Results: Chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods were used in the study and modified where necessary in the study. Bioactivity of the extract was determined at 10 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml concentrations expressed in % inhibition.

Increased oxygen consumption observed in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulated human cultured promonocytic U937 cell lines treated with calcitriol and retinoic acid.

Objective: To investigate the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) on oxygen consumption of differentiated and non-differentiated immune cell lines by retinoic acid and calcitriol treatment which might be useful in subsequent elicitation of immunological action during immunosuppressive states.

Methods: PMA and FMLP were used to artificially stimulate reactive oxygen production in cultured promonocytic U937 cell line. Paralleled samples of the cultured cells were separately prepared with calcitriol (1, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) and retinoic acid followed by a 72-hour incubation period.

Increased oxidative stress condition found in different stages of HIV disease in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Umuahia (Nigeria).

Context: Effective diagnostic tools for management of HIV disease progression in Sub-Saharan Africa is inadequate considering the endemic nature of the infection in the region.

Objective: To elucidate the clinical implication of oxidative stress (measured as Malondialdehyde, MDA) as additional biomarker of HIV disease progression and its implication in HIV clinical management.

Materials And Methods: A total of 250 individuals were recruited for the study.