Secretory products of DPSC mitigate inflammatory effects in microglial cells by targeting MAPK pathway.

Activated microglial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are the main contributors to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Inhibiting their activation will help in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress during pathogenesis, potentially limiting the progression of the diseases. The immunomodulation properties of dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSC) make it a promising therapy for neurodegenerative disorders.

KLF2 Regulates Neural Differentiation of Dental Pulp-derived Stem Cells by Modulating Autophagy and Mitophagy.

Background: Transplantation of stem cells for treating neurodegenerative disorders is a promising future therapeutic approach. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the neuronal differentiation of dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSC) remains inadequately explored. The current study aims to define the regulatory role of KLF2 (Kruppel-like factor 2) during the neural differentiation (ND) of DPSC.

Polyphenolic Compounds Inhibit Osteoclast Differentiation While Reducing Autophagy through Limiting ROS and the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential.

Polyphenolic compounds are a diverse group of natural compounds that interact with various cellular proteins responsible for cell survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, it is yet to be established how these compounds interact in myeloid cells during their differentiation and the molecular and intracellular mechanisms involved. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that originate from myeloid cells.

Evaluation of Urea-Based Inhibitors of the Dopamine Transporter Using the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

The dopaminergic system is involved in the regulation of immune responses in various homeostatic and disease conditions. For conditions such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis (MS), pharmacological modulation of dopamine (DA) system activity is thought to have therapeutic relevance, providing the basis for using dopaminergic agents as a treatment of relevant states. In particular, it was proposed that restoration of DA levels may inhibit neuroinflammation.

Generation of Acute Hind Limb Ischemia in NOD/SCID Mice and Treatment with Nanofiber-Expanded CD34 Hematopoietic Stem Cells.

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is primarily associated with a high risk of major amputation, cardiovascular events, and death. The current therapy involves direct endovascular intervention and is associated with long-term recurrence. However, patients with significant comorbidities are not eligible for this therapy.

Current advances in ischemic stroke research and therapies.

With more than 795,000 cases occurring every year, stroke has become a major problem in the United States across all demographics. Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability and is the fifth leading cause of death in the US. Ischemic stroke represents 87% of total strokes in the US, and is currently the main focus of stroke research.

PACSIN, a brain protein that is upregulated upon differentiation into neuronal cells.

To identify genes that are differentially expressed during self-repair processes in mouse brain, we screened a subtracted cDNA library enriched for brain-specific clones. One of these clones, H74, detected a 4.4-kb mRNA predominantly expressed in brain and dorsal root ganglia neurons.

[Recommendations for initial diagnosis and therapy in acute blood coagulation disorders].

Acute disturbances of blood coagulation during operations and intensive therapy require quick and precise action in order to avoid life-threatening situations. This paper reports on a simple system for the diagnosis and therapy of acute disturbances of blood coagulation. In the initial phase of bleeding, determination of fibrin monomers, d-dimers, reptilase time, number of platelets and AT III enables diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hyperfibrinolysis and consumption coagulopathy.

Developmentally regulated mouse gene NK10 encodes a zinc finger repressor protein with differential DNA-binding domains.

Using oligonucleotides complementary to the conserved inter-finger region of a variety of previously described zinc finger-encoding genes, a novel mouse gene was cloned and characterized. The gene is localized on chromosome 8 and comprises five exons. Its corresponding mRNA is developmentally regulated in various tissues and includes an open reading frame encoding a protein of 72,422 daltons.

Neural cell adhesion molecules in rat endocrine tissues and tumor cells: distribution and molecular analysis.

The adhesive properties of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) can be modified by alternative splicing of the primary transcript or posttranslational modifications. In the present study, we describe distinct forms of alternative splicing and posttranslational modification of the extracellular domain of NCAM of various endocrine tissues and derived tumor cells of the rat. Using an antiserum detecting the immunoglobulin-like domains of NCAM as well as a monoclonal antibody recognizing the NCAM-specific polysialic acid (PSA), we observed a similar staining pattern in adrenals, pituitary, and neoplastic endocrine cells.

Leydig cells express neural cell adhesion molecules in vivo and in vitro.

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) polypeptides are expressed by numerous tissues during embryonic development, where they are involved in cell-cell interactions. In the adult, NCAM expression is confined to a few cell types, including neurons and peptide-hormone-producing cells. Here we demonstrate that the Leydig cells of the adult rat, mouse, and hamster testes express NCAM as well.

High Degree of NCAM Diversity Generated by Alternative RNA Splicing in Brain and Muscle.

The neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) are cell surface glycoproteins involved in vertebrate cell contact formation. Several NCAM mRNA types are generated from a single primary transcript by alternative splicing and differential polyadenylation. In this presentation we analyse sequence heterogeneities within NCAM transcripts detected in the junctions of exons 7/8, 12/13 and 13/14.

[Multiple coagulation disorders following cesarean section].

We refer to a case report describing the diagnostic and therapeutic problems resulting in multiple intra- and postoperative coagulation disorders. Differential diagnostic indications respecting to the most important disorders within the coagulation system are described especially. Local hyperfibrinolysis is accounted in detail; besides we inform about our own therapeutic experiences.

NCAM gene expression during the development of cerebellum and dentate gyrus in the mouse.

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is thought to be involved in several important events during CNS vertebrate development. This study provides additional information concerning the biochemical determination and anatomical localization of NCAM transcripts. Using S1 nuclease protection assays (S1-NPAs), NCAM transcripts in brain appear highest at birth, with NCAM messenger levels reduced some 20-fold by adulthood.

Differential exon usage involving an unusual splicing mechanism generates at least eight types of NCAM cDNA in mouse brain.

The murine neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is known to exist in three isoforms of different size, NCAM-180, -140 and -120 coded for by four transcripts of 6.9, 6.1, 4.

NCAM-180, the large isoform of the neural cell adhesion molecule of the mouse, is encoded by an alternatively spliced transcript.

The three different isoforms (NCAM-180, -140 and -120) of the murine neural cell adhesion molecule are encoded by a single gene. The two smaller isoforms, NCAM-120 and -140 are generated by alternative RNA splicing of the primary transcript. We here report sequence data of a mouse cDNA clone reverse transcribed from NCAM mRNA containing an extra fragment of 801 nt.

Analysis of cDNA clones that code for the transmembrane forms of the mouse neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and are generated by alternative RNA splicing.

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) exists in at least three different isoforms. In the mouse, NCAM proteins with apparent Mr's of 180,000, 140,000 and 120,000 have been distinguished. These are encoded by 4 to 5 different transcripts.

Isolation and nucleotide sequence of mouse NCAM cDNA that codes for a Mr 79,000 polypeptide without a membrane-spanning region.

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) exists in several isoforms which are selectively expressed by different cell types and at different stages of development. In the mouse, three proteins with apparent Mr's of 180,000, 140,000 and 120,000 have been distinguished that are encoded by 4-5 different mRNAs. Here we report the full amino acid sequence of a NCAM protein inferred from the sequences of overlapping cDNA clones.