Considerations for specialized maternal-fetal care in the Somali-American community.

Objective: This study describes the perceptions, personal and community experiences, and barriers to care of Somali-American families regarding specialized maternal-fetal care from their viewpoint.

Study Design: We conducted a semi-structured focus group study of Somali-American women (March 2023). We used qualitative analysis techniques to identify and report thematic findings.

Using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance to Monitor the Curing of Drying Oils.

Drying oils such as linseed oil form a polymer network through a complex free-radical polymerization process. We have studied polymerization in this challenging class of polymers using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The QCM is able to measure the evolution of polymer mass and mechanical properties as the oil transitions from a liquid-like to a solid-like state.

Surface stress and shape relaxation of gelling droplets.

Solidification is a heterogeneous transformation from liquid to solid, which usually combines transport, phase transition and mechanical strain. Predicting the shapes resulting from such a complex process is fascinating and has a wide range of implications from morphogenesis in biological tissues to industrial processes. For soft solids initially at equilibrium, elastic stresses, whether tensile or compressive, can be induced by heterogeneous volumetric deformations of the material.

Digital Microfluidics─How Magnetically Driven Orientation of Pillars Influences Droplet Positioning.

Interfaces between a water droplet and a network of pillars produce eventually superhydrophobic, self-cleaning properties. Considering the surface fraction of the surface in interaction with water, it is possible to tune precisely the contact angle hysteresis (CAH) to low values, which is at the origin of the poor adhesion of water droplets, inducing their high mobility on such a surface. However, if one wants to move and position a droplet, the lower the CAH, the less precise will be the positioning on the surface.

Outcomes After Transfer of Pediatric Trauma Patients: Does Everyone Need to Visit the Trauma Bay?

Introduction: Critically injured children and teens often present to adult trauma centers or nontrauma facilities prior to transfer to a pediatric trauma center. For pediatric patients wanting transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), there is little data to guide which can be safely transferred directly to the unit, and which should be evaluated first in the trauma bay.

Methods: We used our institutional trauma registry to evaluate transferred trauma patients over a three year period.

Obesity Protects Against Operation in Pediatric Penetrating Trauma to the Torso.

Background: Studies in the adult population are conflicting regarding whether obesity is protective in penetrating trauma. In the pediatric population, data on obesity and penetrating trauma are limited. We sought to determine if there is a different rate of operation or of survival in pediatric and adolescent patients with obesity.

The Creation of a Comprehensive Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivorship Program: "Lost in Transition" No More.

The Reid R. Sacco AYA Cancer Program set out to improve survivorship care for AYA-aged patients (15-39 years) of pediatric or AYA cancer. This article discusses the steps in establishing the clinic, including the creation of a database on cancer history, exposures, and attendant risks of late effects.

Gender Affirming Hormone Replacement for the Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivor with Hypogonadism.

Hypogonadism is a known late effect of cancer treatment. Hypogonadism requires replacement of sex steroids to ensure appropriate development of secondary sex characteristics, growth, and other beneficial health effects. We present a cancer survivor with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and gender dysphoria.

Interaction between Compliant Surfaces: How Soft Surfaces Can Reduce Friction.

We describe how a long-range repulsive interaction can surreptitiously modify the effective geometry of approaching compliant surfaces, with significant consequences on friction. We investigated the behavior under shear and compression of mica surfaces coated with poly(-isopropylacrylamide) pNIPAM-based cationic microgels. We show that local surface deformations as small as a few nanometers must be considered to understand the response of such surfaces under compression and shear, in particular when the range of action of normal and friction forces are significantly different, as is often the case for macromolecular lubrication.

New Platform for Gravitational Microfluidic Using Ferrofluids.

Among the large variety of microfluidic platforms, surface devices are a world apart. Electrowetting systems are used to control the displacement of droplets among predetermined pathways. More confidential, superhydrophobic surfaces are more and more described as new elements to guide spherical droplet reactors.

[Lung infection by lophomonas spp. in a female patient with acute myeloid leukemia].

Protozoic infections are prevalent worldwide, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. We reported the case of a patient from the city of Viña del Mar, Chile, a carrier of acute myeloid leukemia in whom an infection by Lophomonas sp. was confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage.

Short-term and long-term human or mouse organoid units generate tissue-engineered small intestine without added signalling molecules.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Tissue-engineered small intestine was previously generated in vivo by immediate implantation of organoid units derived from both mouse and human donor intestine. Although immediate transplantation of organoid units into patients shows promise as a potential future therapy, some critically ill patients might require delayed transplantation. What is the main finding and its importance? Unlike enteroids, which consist of isolated intestinal crypts, short- and long-term cultured organoid units are composed of epithelial and mesenchymal cells derived from mouse or human intestine.

On the utility of a compartmental population kinetics model of intestinal epithelial stem cell proliferation and differentiation.

Background: The small intestinal epithelium is a dynamic system with specialized cell types. The various cell populations of this tissue are continually renewed and replenished from stem cells that reside in the small intestinal crypt. The cell types and their locations in the crypt and villus are well known, but the details of the kinetics of stem cell division, and precursor cell proliferation and differentiation into mature enterocytes and secretory cells are still being studied.

[Evolution of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of adults patients belonging to the national program at start of antiretroviral therapy in the Chilean AIDS Cohort, 2001-2015].

Background: Chilean AIDS Cohort is the oldest and extensive in Latin America and one of most numerous and with longer follow up time to international level. Records information from 14,873 patients out of approximately 22,000 in antiretroviral therapy in the public system and its results have allowed to know the national reality and have contributed to the adoption of public policies.

Aim: To describe the demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics of patients who have started ART in Chile and its evolution over the past 15 years.

[Factors associated with extended-spectrum betalactamases-producing organisms among patients with urinary tract infections: a prospective cohort study].

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum betalactamases (ESBL) are an increasingly common problem.

Aim: To develop an association model to allow an early detection of ESBL-producing microorganisms.

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was undertaken among patients admitted with a diagnosis of culture-proven UTI to the Internal Medicine Ward of the Hospital Naval Almirante Nef between February and November, 2011.

Large strain viscoelastic dissipation during interfacial rupture in laminated glass.

In the dynamic rupture of laminated glass, it is essential to maximize energy dissipation. To investigate the mechanisms of energy dissipation, we have experimentally studied the delamination and stretching of a polymeric viscoelastic interlayer sandwiched between glass plates. We find that there is a velocity and temperature domain in which delamination fronts propagate in a steady state manner.

[Living Donor Liver Transplantation - Past and Present].

Since the first living donor liver transplantations at the end of the 1980s, this transplantation technique has developed as an established tool within the modern transplantation medicine. Especially in Asia, the majority of liver transplantation is performed through living donation, mainly for religious reasons. Liver grafts for adult recipients are mainly the right liver lobe of the donor, for paediatric recipients mainly the left lateral lobe.

Current techniques for AB0-incompatible living donor liver transplantation.

For a long time, it was considered medical malpractice to neglect the blood group system during transplantation. Because there are far more patients waiting for organs than organs available, a variety of attempts have been made to transplant AB0-incompatible (AB0i) grafts. Improvements in AB0i graft survival rates have been achieved with immunosuppression regimens and plasma treatment procedures.

Wetting against the nap - how asperity inclination determines unidirectional spreading.

We have carried out wetting experiments on textured surfaces with high aspect ratio asperities in the Wenzel state. When inclination is imparted to the asperities, we observe a strictly unidirectional spreading opposite to the direction in which the asperities point. The advancing contact angle decreases markedly as inclination increases.

Impact of pressure on plastic yield in amorphous solids with open structure.

Plasticity in amorphous silica is unusual: The yield stress decreases with hydrostatic pressure, in contrast to the Mohr-Coulomb response commonly found in more compact materials such as bulk metallic glasses. To better understand this response, we have carried out molecular dynamics simulations of plastic response in a model glass with open structure. The simulations reproduce the anomalous dependence of yield stress with pressure and also correctly predict that the plastic response turns to normal once the material has been fully compacted.

Is the Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivor at Risk for Late Effects? It Depends on Where You Look.

Purpose: The adolescent and young adult (AYA) population is a growing group of survivors, exceeding more than 600,000, at high risk for late effects of cancer-directed therapy. While many guidelines exist for cancer survivorship care, choosing which to use for an AYA cancer survivor is challenging, yet vital, to ensure comprehensive follow-up care.

Methods: Survivorship care plans (SCPs), including treatment summaries (TS) and follow-up care plans, were created for three clinical vignettes (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, osteosarcoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma).

[Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease as an example of illness presentation in the elderly].

Illness presentation in the elderly may be entirely non-specific, with fatigue, loss of function or the presence of geriatric syndromes. We report a 90 years old male consulting in the emergency room for delirium that persisted throughout hospitalization without finding a cause. During the course of hospitalization mild fever appeared and a left knee swelling became apparent.

Surface Fraction Dependence of Contact Angles Induced by Kinks in the Triple Line.

On periodic superhydrophobic surfaces the receding contact angle often scales with the surface fraction, as expected from a simple rule of mixture, the Cassie relation. However, it has been argued that energy averaging breaks down owing to line pinning, and that line fraction scaling should apply instead. From experiments and simulations we show that proper inclusion of triple line defects introduce surface fraction scaling in the line depinning threshold.