Initial validation of a short version of the PERMA profiler in a national sample of rural veterans.

Background: Military veterans residing in rural areas face unique challenges that can impact their wellbeing, including limited access to healthcare resources, social isolation, and distinct environmental stressors. Despite growing interest in veteran wellbeing, there remains a gap in understanding how service-connected disabilities and health conditions intersect with wellbeing in rural contexts.

Methods: This study employed a comprehensive approach to investigate the relationships between wellbeing, service-connected disabilities, and health outcomes among rural veterans.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Annual Review of Competency Progression Outcomes Issued to General Surgical Trainees.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic had a profound impact on surgical training. In this longitudinal cohort study, we quantify the effects of the pandemic on United Kingdom (UK) surgeons in higher specialty training by analyzing the Annual Review of Competency Progression (ARCP) Outcomes issued to them prior to, and during, the pandemic.

Methods: Anonymized records were provided from the UK training management system- the Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme (ISCP)- on the ARCP Outcomes of higher specialty trainees in General Surgery over the period between January 2017 and December 2022.

Harmonising outcome measurement for child focused domestic abuse interventions. Reflections on the development and implementation of a core outcome set.

There is appetite in the UK to better measure the impact of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) interventions on children. The spread of outcomes-based commissioning means outcome measurement is no longer just the territory of academic researchers but is now firmly within the purview of practitioners and policy makers. However, outcomes measured in trials only partially represent the views of those delivering and using services with respect to how success should be defined and captured.

Young People and Intimate Partner Violence: Experiences of Institutional Support and Services in England.

Purpose: Young people (YP) are at greater risk of experiencing intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA), with high prevalence rates at 18-25 years and potentially severe short and long-term health and social impacts. YP often view adult support services as not for them and more research is needed to understand effective responses to IPVA among different groups.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews alongside Life History Calendars were undertaken to explore 18 young peoples' (18-25 years) experiences of community and service level responses to their IPVA between 2019-2020.

What makes for effectiveness when starting early - Learning from an integrated school-based violence and abuse prevention programme for children under 12.

Background: Integrated programmes addressing varying forms of violence and abuse are increasingly delivered to children under 12 but uncertainty remains about what should be delivered to whom, when and in what dose.

Objective: To examine the impact of Speak Out Stay Safe (SOSS) - an integrated prevention programme for children under 12 - and whether impact varied by age, gender and context.

Participants And Setting: A representative UK sample of primary schools in receipt of SOSS was matched with comparison schools not receiving SOSS.

Public Health Directives in a Pandemic: Paradoxical Messages for Domestic Abuse Victims in Four Countries.

When the COVID-19 pandemic manifested urgent concerns were raised around the globe about the increased risk that public health restrictions could pose for victims of domestic abuse. Governments, NGOs and community services swiftly responded to convey the message that services for victims were operational and restrictions did not apply to those fleeing harm. This paper reports on the various approaches used to communicate this public health messaging during COVID-19, further highlighting strengths and learning which could inform future crises messaging.

Developing new portals to safety for domestic abuse survivors in the context of the pandemic.

This study examined the emergence and implementation of community touchpoints established in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic for victims/survivors of domestic abuse (DA). Community touchpoints are designated places, both online and in accessible settings such as pharmacies and banks, where victims/survivors can seek confidential advice and be directed to expert DA services. The research adopted a case study approach and explored a range of perspectives through expert interviews, document analysis, consultation with survivors and stakeholders and a survey of DA co-ordinators.

Being silenced, loneliness and being heard: understanding pathways to intimate partner violence & abuse in young adults. a mixed-methods study.

Background: International research shows the significance and impact of intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) as a public health issue for young adults. There is a lack of qualitative research exploring pathways to IPVA.

Methods: The current mixed-methods study used qualitative interviews and analysis of longitudinal cohort data, to explore experiences of pathways to IPVA.

Categories of Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse Among Young Women and Men: Latent Class Analysis of Psychological, Physical, and Sexual Victimization and Perpetration in a UK Birth Cohort.

Background: In the UK, around one-third of young people are exposed to Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse (IPVA) by 21 years old. However, types of IPVA victimization in this population (psychological, physical, sexual), and their relationship with impact and perpetration are poorly understood.

Methods: Participants in a UK birth cohort reported IPVA victimization and perpetration by age 21.

Exploring the causal role of intimate partner violence and abuse on depressive symptoms in young adults: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Previous studies have shown an association between experience of intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) and depression. Whether this is a causal relationship or explained by prior vulnerability that influences the risk of both IPVA and depression is not known.

Methods: We analysed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children prospective cohort (N = 1764 women, 1028 men).

Risk factors for intimate partner violence and abuse among adolescents and young adults: findings from a UK population-based cohort.

Approximately one-third of young people in the UK have suffered intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) on reaching adulthood. We need interventions to prevent IPVA in this population, but there is a lack of evidence on who is at greatest risk. We analysed questionnaire data from 3,279 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children population-based birth cohort.

Trajectories of Exposure to Neighborhood Deprivation and the Odds of Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Among Women: Are There Sensitive Periods for Exposure?

Neighborhood disadvantage is commonly hypothesized to be positively associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. However, longitudinal investigation of this association has been limited, with no studies on whether the timing of exposure matters. We used data from 2,115 women in the UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Minimally Invasive Circumferential Hiatal Dissection for the Treatment of Adenocarcinoma of the Distal Esophagus and Esophago-gastric Junction: Technical Considerations Combined With Histopathological Outcomes.

Background/aim: Circumferential resection margin involvement is an independent prognostic factor in patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and esophago-gastric junction. However, there is currently no consensus on the extent and the technique of hiatal dissection. We describe a minimally invasive technique of circumferential hiatal dissection for adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and esophago-gastric junction with its related histopathological results.

Protocol for pilot cluster RCT of project respect: a school-based intervention to prevent dating and relationship violence and address health inequalities among young people.

Background: Dating and relationship violence (DRV)-intimate partner violence during adolescence-encompasses physical, sexual and emotional abuse. DRV is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes including injuries, sexually transmitted infections, adolescent pregnancy and mental health issues. Experiencing DRV also predicts both victimisation and perpetration of partner violence in adulthood.

Phase II study of docetaxel and cisplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Docetaxel (Taxotere, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France) and cisplatin are two of the most active single agents used in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A recently reported phase I study of the combination of docetaxel and cisplatin recommended a dose of 75 mg/m2 of both drugs every 3 weeks for subsequent phase II study.

Patients And Methods: Eligible patients were aged 18 to 75 years with a World Health Organization (WHO) performance status < or = 2 and life expectancy > or = 12 weeks, with metastatic and/or locally advanced NSCLC proven histologically or cytologically.

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in hypertensives.

This study was designed to measure the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in untreated and treated hypertensive patients by comparing them with normotensive subjects, taking into account the possible confounding variables body mass index, age, sex, and alcohol consumption. Subjects with no known sleep disorders were recruited, had full polysomnography, and had their blood pressure assessed with a 24-h ambulatory monitor. Subjects with a mean 24-h blood pressure greater than 140/90, and receiving no treatment for, or with no history of, hypertension were classified as untreated hypertensives; those receiving antihypertension medication were classified as treated hypertensives; those with a mean 24-h blood pressure less than 140/90 and no history of hypertension were classified as normotensives.

A methodology for measuring clinical outcomes in an acute care teaching hospital.

The purpose of this study was to assess risk-adjusted outcomes following renal failure, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure. Length of stay, death and unplanned readmission were compared by treating medical unit adjusting for the four risk factors: severity, comorbidity, sex and age. A significant difference in risk-adjusted deaths and length of stay occurred among units treating heart failure, in length of stay among units treating renal failure, and in deaths among units treating gastrointestinal haemorrhage.

Update on lung cancer.

Lung cancer is common, largely smoking related and thus preventable. Focal non small cell disease is surgically resectable but presentation with mediastinal and metastatic disease is common and has a poor prognosis. Small cell lung cancer is chemosensitive but has a very poor prognosis.

Exertional oxygen of limited benefit in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mild hypoxemia.

It is unclear whether short-term benefits from supplemental oxygen translate into improved quality of life in patients with severe COPD. In a 12 wk double-blind randomized crossover study, we assessed the effects of supplemental air and oxygen on exercise performance (step tests and 6 min walking distance [6MWD]) initially and after two 6 wk periods at home using exertional cylinder air or oxygen. We measured quality of life at baseline and after the two 6 wk domiciliary periods.

Preoperative risk evaluation for lung cancer resection: predicted postoperative product as a predictor of surgical mortality.

We assessed the capacity to predict surgical mortality, complications, and functional loss by using the results of resting and exercise respiratory function. Measurements were made before and 4 mo after lung resection in 54 consecutive patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Predicted postoperative (ppo) FEV1 and DLCO were derived using quantitative lung perfusion scans when baseline FEV1 was < 55% predicted, and by proportional loss of pulmonary segments (total = 19 segments) when FEV1 was > 55% predicted.

Chronic persistent cough: use of ipratropium bromide in undiagnosed cases following upper respiratory tract infection.

The clinical effects of inhaled ipratropium bromide were studied in 14 non-smoking patients with persistent post-viral infective cough employing a controlled double-blind, cross-over trial. Patients were selected if they demonstrated no apparent underlying cause for their persistent cough after appropriate radiological and respiratory function tests including methacholine reactivity and bronchoscopic examination. Inhaled ipratropium bromide (320 micrograms day-1) produced significantly less day and night time cough (P < 0.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in sarcoidosis.

This is the first Australian study of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 51 patients with sarcoidosis. The aim was: 1) to establish the range of lavage ACE in healthy smokers and non-smoking patients with sarcoidosis. 2) to evaluate the clinical usefulness of lavage ACE.